如果你不想使用include？您可以首先将元素包装在数组中，然后检查包装的元素是否等于数组和包装的元素的交集。这将返回一个基于相等的布尔值。

def in_array?(array, item)
    item = [item] unless item.is_a?(Array)
    item == array & item
end

在任何数组中查找元素有多种方法，但最简单的方法是“in？”方法

example:
arr = [1,2,3,4]
number = 1
puts "yes #{number} is present in arr" if number.in? arr

还有一种方法可以做到这一点：

arr = ['Cat', 'Dog', 'Bird']
e = 'Dog'

present = arr.size != (arr - [e]).size

如果你想检查一个街区，你可以试试吗？还是全部？。

%w{ant bear cat}.any? {|word| word.length >= 3}   #=> true  
%w{ant bear cat}.any? {|word| word.length >= 4}   #=> true  
[ nil, true, 99 ].any?                            #=> true  

有关详细信息，请参见Enumerable。

我的灵感来自于“评估数组中是否有任何项目”

我总是觉得运行一些基准测试来查看各种方法的相对速度很有趣。

在开始、中间或结束处查找数组元素将影响任何线性搜索，但几乎不会影响对集合的搜索。

将一个数组转换为一个集合会导致处理时间的减少，所以从一个数组创建一次集合，或者从一开始就创建一个集合。

以下是基准代码：

# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'fruity'
require 'set'

ARRAY = (1..20_000).to_a
SET = ARRAY.to_set

DIVIDER = '-' * 20

def array_include?(elem)
  ARRAY.include?(elem)
end

def array_member?(elem)
  ARRAY.member?(elem)
end

def array_index(elem)
  ARRAY.index(elem) >= 0
end

def array_find_index(elem)
  ARRAY.find_index(elem) >= 0
end

def array_index_each(elem)
  ARRAY.index { |each| each == elem } >= 0
end

def array_find_index_each(elem)
  ARRAY.find_index { |each| each == elem } >= 0
end

def array_any_each(elem)
  ARRAY.any? { |each| each == elem }
end

def array_find_each(elem)
  ARRAY.find { |each| each == elem } != nil
end

def array_detect_each(elem)
  ARRAY.detect { |each| each == elem } != nil
end

def set_include?(elem)
  SET.include?(elem)
end

def set_member?(elem)
  SET.member?(elem)
end

puts format('Ruby v.%s', RUBY_VERSION)

{
  'First' => ARRAY.first,
  'Middle' => (ARRAY.size / 2).to_i,
  'Last' => ARRAY.last
}.each do |k, element|
  puts DIVIDER, k, DIVIDER

  compare do
    _array_include?        { array_include?(element)        }
    _array_member?         { array_member?(element)         }
    _array_index           { array_index(element)           }
    _array_find_index      { array_find_index(element)      }
    _array_index_each      { array_index_each(element)      }
    _array_find_index_each { array_find_index_each(element) }
    _array_any_each        { array_any_each(element)        }
    _array_find_each       { array_find_each(element)       }
    _array_detect_each     { array_detect_each(element)     }
  end
end

puts '', DIVIDER, 'Sets vs. Array.include?', DIVIDER
{
  'First' => ARRAY.first,
  'Middle' => (ARRAY.size / 2).to_i,
  'Last' => ARRAY.last
}.each do |k, element|
  puts DIVIDER, k, DIVIDER

  compare do
    _array_include? { array_include?(element) }
    _set_include?   { set_include?(element)   }
    _set_member?    { set_member?(element)    }
  end
end

在我的Mac OS笔记本电脑上运行时，会导致：

Ruby v.2.7.0
--------------------
First
--------------------
Running each test 65536 times. Test will take about 5 seconds.
_array_include? is similar to _array_index
_array_index is similar to _array_find_index
_array_find_index is faster than _array_any_each by 2x ± 1.0
_array_any_each is similar to _array_index_each
_array_index_each is similar to _array_find_index_each
_array_find_index_each is faster than _array_member? by 4x ± 1.0
_array_member? is faster than _array_detect_each by 2x ± 1.0
_array_detect_each is similar to _array_find_each
--------------------
Middle
--------------------
Running each test 32 times. Test will take about 2 seconds.
_array_include? is similar to _array_find_index
_array_find_index is similar to _array_index
_array_index is faster than _array_member? by 2x ± 0.1
_array_member? is faster than _array_index_each by 2x ± 0.1
_array_index_each is similar to _array_find_index_each
_array_find_index_each is similar to _array_any_each
_array_any_each is faster than _array_detect_each by 30.000000000000004% ± 10.0%
_array_detect_each is similar to _array_find_each
--------------------
Last
--------------------
Running each test 16 times. Test will take about 2 seconds.
_array_include? is faster than _array_find_index by 10.000000000000009% ± 10.0%
_array_find_index is similar to _array_index
_array_index is faster than _array_member? by 3x ± 0.1
_array_member? is faster than _array_find_index_each by 2x ± 0.1
_array_find_index_each is similar to _array_index_each
_array_index_each is similar to _array_any_each
_array_any_each is faster than _array_detect_each by 30.000000000000004% ± 10.0%
_array_detect_each is similar to _array_find_each

--------------------
Sets vs. Array.include?
--------------------
--------------------
First
--------------------
Running each test 65536 times. Test will take about 1 second.
_array_include? is similar to _set_include?
_set_include? is similar to _set_member?
--------------------
Middle
--------------------
Running each test 65536 times. Test will take about 2 minutes.
_set_member? is similar to _set_include?
_set_include? is faster than _array_include? by 1400x ± 1000.0
--------------------
Last
--------------------
Running each test 65536 times. Test will take about 4 minutes.
_set_member? is similar to _set_include?
_set_include? is faster than _array_include? by 3000x ± 1000.0

基本上，如果我要搜索包含，结果告诉我对所有内容都使用Set，除非我能保证第一个元素是我想要的，这不太可能。在哈希表中插入元素时会有一些开销，但搜索速度要快得多，我认为这不应该是一个考虑因素。同样，如果您需要搜索它，请不要使用数组，而是使用集合。（或哈希。）

Array越小，Array方法运行得越快，但它们仍然无法跟上，尽管在小数组中，差异可能很小。

“First”、“Middle”和“Last”反映了所搜索元素在ARRAY中使用First、size/2和Last。搜索ARRAY和SET变量时将使用该元素。

对与>0进行比较的方法进行了轻微更改，因为索引类型测试的测试应为>=0。

有关Fruity及其方法的更多信息，请参见其README。

Try

['Cat', 'Dog', 'Bird'].include?('Dog')