As an addition the META-INF folder is now also used for multi-release jars. This is a feature which allows to package classes which are meant for different Java version in one jar, e.g. include a class for Java 11 with new features offered by Java 11 in a jar also working for Java 8, where a different class for Java 8 with less features in contained. E.g this can be useful if a newer Java version is offering enhanced, different or new API methods which would not work in earlier version due to API violations. One will see a sub folder versions then.

META-INF文件夹是清单的主页。MF文件。该文件包含关于JAR内容的元数据。例如，有一个名为main - class的条目，它为可执行JAR文件指定了带有静态main()的Java类的名称。

As an addition the META-INF folder is now also used for multi-release jars. This is a feature which allows to package classes which are meant for different Java version in one jar, e.g. include a class for Java 11 with new features offered by Java 11 in a jar also working for Java 8, where a different class for Java 8 with less features in contained. E.g this can be useful if a newer Java version is offering enhanced, different or new API methods which would not work in earlier version due to API violations. One will see a sub folder versions then.

如果您使用的是JPA1，则可能必须在其中放入一个persistence.xml文件，该文件指定您可能想要使用的持久化单元的名称。持久化单元提供了一种方便的方式，可以指定一组元数据文件、类和包含分组中要持久化的所有类的jar。

import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;

// ...

EntityManagerFactory emf =
      Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(persistenceUnitName);

点击这里查看更多信息: http://www.datanucleus.org/products/datanucleus/jpa/emf.html

只是在这里添加信息，如果是WAR文件，则是META-INF/MANIFEST。MF文件为开发人员提供了由容器发起部署时检查的工具，以确保容器可以找到应用程序所依赖的所有类。这确保了万一您丢失了一个JAR，您不必等到应用程序在运行时崩溃时才意识到它丢失了。

添加到这里的信息，META-INF是一个特殊的文件夹，ClassLoader将其与jar中的其他文件夹区别对待。 嵌套在META-INF文件夹内的元素不会与它外部的元素混合。

把它想象成另一个根。从Enumerator<URL> ClassLoader#getSystemResources(字符串路径)方法等透视图:

当给定的路径以“META-INF”开头时，该方法搜索类路径中所有jar的META-INF文件夹内嵌套的资源。

当给定的路径不是以“META-INF”开头时，该方法在类路径中所有jar和目录的所有其他文件夹(在META-INF之外)中搜索资源。

如果您知道getSystemResources方法特别处理的另一个文件夹名称，请对其进行评论。