添加到这里的信息，META-INF是一个特殊的文件夹，ClassLoader将其与jar中的其他文件夹区别对待。 嵌套在META-INF文件夹内的元素不会与它外部的元素混合。

把它想象成另一个根。从Enumerator<URL> ClassLoader#getSystemResources(字符串路径)方法等透视图:

当给定的路径以“META-INF”开头时，该方法搜索类路径中所有jar的META-INF文件夹内嵌套的资源。

当给定的路径不是以“META-INF”开头时，该方法在类路径中所有jar和目录的所有其他文件夹(在META-INF之外)中搜索资源。

如果您知道getSystemResources方法特别处理的另一个文件夹名称，请对其进行评论。

来自官方JAR文件规范(链接到Java 7版本，但文本至少从v1.3开始就没有改变):

The META-INF directory The following files/directories in the META-INF directory are recognized and interpreted by the Java 2 Platform to configure applications, extensions, class loaders and services: MANIFEST.MF The manifest file that is used to define extension and package related data. INDEX.LIST This file is generated by the new "-i" option of the jar tool, which contains location information for packages defined in an application or extension. It is part of the JarIndex implementation and used by class loaders to speed up their class loading process. x.SF The signature file for the JAR file. 'x' stands for the base file name. x.DSA The signature block file associated with the signature file with the same base file name. This file stores the digital signature of the corresponding signature file. services/ This directory stores all the service provider configuration files.

自Java 9实现JEP 238以来新增了多版本jar。一个会看到子文件夹的版本。这个特性允许将不同Java版本的类打包到一个jar中。

你也可以在那里放置静态资源。

在示例:

META-INF/resources/button.jpg 

并通过web3.0容器获取它们

http://localhost/myapp/button.jpg

>阅读更多

/ meta - inf / MANIFEST。MF有特殊的含义:

如果你使用java -jar myjar.jar org.myserver.MyMainClass运行一个jar，你可以将主类定义移动到jar中，这样你就可以将调用缩小到java -jar myjar.jar。 如果你使用java.lang.Package.getPackage("org.myserver"). getimplementationtitle()，你可以为包定义元结构。 您可以在Applet/Webstart模式中引用您喜欢的数字证书。

我注意到一些Java库已经开始使用META-INF作为目录，其中包含应该打包并与jar一起包含在CLASSPATH中的配置文件。例如，Spring允许您使用以下方法导入类路径上的XML文件:

<import resource="classpath:/META-INF/cxf/cxf.xml" />
<import resource="classpath:/META-INF/cxf/cxf-extensions-*.xml" />

在本例中，我直接引用Apache CXF用户指南中的内容。在我参与的一个项目中，我们必须允许通过Spring进行多级配置，我们遵循了这个约定，并将配置文件放在META-INF中。

当我反思这个决定时，我不知道简单地将配置文件包括在特定的Java包中，而不是在META-INF中，到底有什么问题。但这似乎是一个新兴的事实标准;要么这样，要么出现反模式:-)

As an addition the META-INF folder is now also used for multi-release jars. This is a feature which allows to package classes which are meant for different Java version in one jar, e.g. include a class for Java 11 with new features offered by Java 11 in a jar also working for Java 8, where a different class for Java 8 with less features in contained. E.g this can be useful if a newer Java version is offering enhanced, different or new API methods which would not work in earlier version due to API violations. One will see a sub folder versions then.

所有答案都是正确的。Meta-inf有很多用途。此外，这里还有一个关于使用tomcat容器的示例。

去 Tomcat Doc并检查 “标准实现> copyXML”属性。

描述如下。

Set to true if you want a context XML descriptor embedded inside the application (located at /META-INF/context.xml) to be copied to the owning Host's xmlBase when the application is deployed. On subsequent starts, the copied context XML descriptor will be used in preference to any context XML descriptor embedded inside the application even if the descriptor embedded inside the application is more recent. The flag's value defaults to false. Note if the deployXML attribute of the owning Host is false or if the copyXML attribute of the owning Host is true, this attribute will have no effect.