我一直想知道，在一般情况下，在循环之前声明一个丢弃的变量，而不是在循环内部重复，使任何(性能)差异? Java中的一个(非常无意义的)例子:
A)循环前声明:
double intermediateResult;
for(int i=0; i < 1000; i++){
intermediateResult = i;
System.out.println(intermediateResult);
}
B)声明(重复)内部循环:
for(int i=0; i < 1000; i++){
double intermediateResult = i;
System.out.println(intermediateResult);
}
哪个更好，a还是b?
我怀疑重复的变量声明(例b)在理论上会产生更多的开销，但编译器足够聪明，所以这无关紧要。例b的优点是更紧凑，并且将变量的作用域限制在使用它的地方。尽管如此，我还是倾向于根据示例a编写代码。
编辑:我对Java案例特别感兴趣。
当前回答
以下是我在。net中编写和编译的内容。
double r0;
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
r0 = i*i;
Console.WriteLine(r0);
}
for (int j = 0; j < 1000; j++) {
double r1 = j*j;
Console.WriteLine(r1);
}
这是我从。net Reflector中得到的，当CIL被渲染回代码时。
for (int i = 0; i < 0x3e8; i++)
{
double r0 = i * i;
Console.WriteLine(r0);
}
for (int j = 0; j < 0x3e8; j++)
{
double r1 = j * j;
Console.WriteLine(r1);
}
So both look exactly same after compilation. In managed languages code is converted into CL/byte code and at time of execution it's converted into machine language. So in machine language a double may not even be created on the stack. It may just be a register as code reflect that it is a temporary variable for WriteLine function. There are a whole set optimization rules just for loops. So the average guy shouldn't be worried about it, especially in managed languages. There are cases when you can optimize manage code, for example, if you have to concatenate a large number of strings using just string a; a+=anotherstring[i] vs using StringBuilder. There is very big difference in performance between both. There are a lot of such cases where the compiler cannot optimize your code, because it cannot figure out what is intended in a bigger scope. But it can pretty much optimize basic things for you.
其他回答
好吧，你可以为它设定一个范围:
{ //Or if(true) if the language doesn't support making scopes like this
double intermediateResult;
for (int i=0; i<1000; i++) {
intermediateResult = i;
System.out.println(intermediateResult);
}
}
这样你只声明了变量一次，当你离开循环时它就死了。
我认为这取决于编译器，很难给出一个一般的答案。
这是个有趣的问题。从我的经验来看，当你为代码争论这个问题时，有一个终极问题需要考虑:
为什么变量需要是全局的?
It makes sense to only declare the variable once, globally, as opposed to many times locally, because it is better for organizing the code and requires less lines of code. However, if it only needs to be declared locally within one method, I would initialize it in that method so it is clear that the variable is exclusively relevant to that method. Be careful not to call this variable outside the method in which it is initialized if you choose the latter option--your code won't know what you're talking about and will report an error.
另外，作为旁注，不要在不同的方法之间重复局部变量名，即使它们的目的几乎相同;这让人很困惑。
这取决于语言- IIRC c#优化了这一点，所以没有任何区别，但JavaScript(例如)每次都会完成整个内存分配过程。
如果你在lambda中使用变量，在c#中是有区别的。但一般来说，编译器基本上会做同样的事情，假设变量只在循环中使用。
鉴于它们基本上是相同的:请注意，版本b对读者来说更明显的是，变量不是，也不能在循环之后使用。此外，版本b更容易重构。在版本a中，将循环体提取到它自己的方法中更加困难。而且，版本b向您保证这样的重构没有副作用。
因此，版本a让我很恼火，因为它没有任何好处，而且它让我更难理解代码……
