我有两本字典,但为了简化起见,我就选这两本:
>>> x = dict(a=1, b=2)
>>> y = dict(a=2, b=2)
现在,我想比较x中的每个键值对在y中是否有相同的对应值,所以我这样写:
>>> for x_values, y_values in zip(x.iteritems(), y.iteritems()):
if x_values == y_values:
print 'Ok', x_values, y_values
else:
print 'Not', x_values, y_values
它的工作原理是返回一个元组,然后比较是否相等。
我的问题:
这对吗?还有更好的办法吗?最好不是在速度上,我说的是代码优雅。
更新:我忘了提到,我必须检查有多少键,值对是相等的。
def dict_compare(d1, d2):
d1_keys = set(d1.keys())
d2_keys = set(d2.keys())
shared_keys = d1_keys.intersection(d2_keys)
added = d1_keys - d2_keys
removed = d2_keys - d1_keys
modified = {o : (d1[o], d2[o]) for o in shared_keys if d1[o] != d2[o]}
same = set(o for o in shared_keys if d1[o] == d2[o])
return added, removed, modified, same
x = dict(a=1, b=2)
y = dict(a=2, b=2)
added, removed, modified, same = dict_compare(x, y)
@mouad的答案很好,如果你假设两个字典都只包含简单的值。然而,如果你有包含字典的字典,你会得到一个异常,因为字典是不可哈希的。
在我的脑海中,这样做可能有用:
def compare_dictionaries(dict1, dict2):
if dict1 is None or dict2 is None:
print('Nones')
return False
if (not isinstance(dict1, dict)) or (not isinstance(dict2, dict)):
print('Not dict')
return False
shared_keys = set(dict1.keys()) & set(dict2.keys())
if not ( len(shared_keys) == len(dict1.keys()) and len(shared_keys) == len(dict2.keys())):
print('Not all keys are shared')
return False
dicts_are_equal = True
for key in dict1.keys():
if isinstance(dict1[key], dict) or isinstance(dict2[key], dict):
dicts_are_equal = dicts_are_equal and compare_dictionaries(dict1[key], dict2[key])
else:
dicts_are_equal = dicts_are_equal and all(atleast_1d(dict1[key] == dict2[key]))
return dicts_are_equal
现在简单的比较==就足够了(python 3.8)。即使当你以不同的顺序比较相同的字典(上一个例子)。最好的是,您不需要第三方包来完成此任务。
a = {'one': 'dog', 'two': 'cat', 'three': 'mouse'}
b = {'one': 'dog', 'two': 'cat', 'three': 'mouse'}
c = {'one': 'dog', 'two': 'cat', 'three': 'mouse'}
d = {'one': 'dog', 'two': 'cat', 'three': 'mouse', 'four': 'fish'}
e = {'one': 'cat', 'two': 'dog', 'three': 'mouse'}
f = {'one': 'dog', 'two': 'cat', 'three': 'mouse'}
g = {'two': 'cat', 'one': 'dog', 'three': 'mouse'}
h = {'one': 'dog', 'two': 'cat', 'three': 'mouse'}
print(a == b) # True
print(c == d) # False
print(e == f) # False
print(g == h) # True
在PyUnit中有一个比较字典的方法。我使用以下两个字典对它进行了测试,它完全符合您的要求。
d1 = {1: "value1",
2: [{"subKey1":"subValue1",
"subKey2":"subValue2"}]}
d2 = {1: "value1",
2: [{"subKey2":"subValue2",
"subKey1": "subValue1"}]
}
def assertDictEqual(self, d1, d2, msg=None):
self.assertIsInstance(d1, dict, 'First argument is not a dictionary')
self.assertIsInstance(d2, dict, 'Second argument is not a dictionary')
if d1 != d2:
standardMsg = '%s != %s' % (safe_repr(d1, True), safe_repr(d2, True))
diff = ('\n' + '\n'.join(difflib.ndiff(
pprint.pformat(d1).splitlines(),
pprint.pformat(d2).splitlines())))
standardMsg = self._truncateMessage(standardMsg, diff)
self.fail(self._formatMessage(msg, standardMsg))
我不建议在生产代码中导入unittest。我的想法是,PyUnit中的源代码可以重新配置,以在生产环境中运行。它使用pprint来“漂亮地打印”字典。调整这段代码以使其“适合生产”似乎很容易。
我正在使用这个解决方案,在Python 3中完美地为我工作
import logging
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
...
def deep_compare(self,left, right, level=0):
if type(left) != type(right):
log.info("Exit 1 - Different types")
return False
elif type(left) is dict:
# Dict comparison
for key in left:
if key not in right:
log.info("Exit 2 - missing {} in right".format(key))
return False
else:
if not deep_compare(left[str(key)], right[str(key)], level +1 ):
log.info("Exit 3 - different children")
return False
return True
elif type(left) is list:
# List comparison
for key in left:
if key not in right:
log.info("Exit 4 - missing {} in right".format(key))
return False
else:
if not deep_compare(left[left.index(key)], right[right.index(key)], level +1 ):
log.info("Exit 5 - different children")
return False
return True
else:
# Other comparison
return left == right
return False
它比较dict、list和其他单独实现“==”操作符的类型。
如果你需要比较其他不同的东西,你需要在“If树”中添加一个新的分支。
希望这能有所帮助。