我有两本字典,但为了简化起见,我就选这两本:

>>> x = dict(a=1, b=2)
>>> y = dict(a=2, b=2)

现在,我想比较x中的每个键值对在y中是否有相同的对应值,所以我这样写:

>>> for x_values, y_values in zip(x.iteritems(), y.iteritems()):
        if x_values == y_values:
            print 'Ok', x_values, y_values
        else:
            print 'Not', x_values, y_values

它的工作原理是返回一个元组,然后比较是否相等。

我的问题:

这对吗?还有更好的办法吗?最好不是在速度上,我说的是代码优雅。

更新:我忘了提到,我必须检查有多少键,值对是相等的。


当前回答

在PyUnit中有一个比较字典的方法。我使用以下两个字典对它进行了测试,它完全符合您的要求。

d1 = {1: "value1",
      2: [{"subKey1":"subValue1",
           "subKey2":"subValue2"}]}
d2 = {1: "value1",
      2: [{"subKey2":"subValue2",
           "subKey1": "subValue1"}]
      }


def assertDictEqual(self, d1, d2, msg=None):
        self.assertIsInstance(d1, dict, 'First argument is not a dictionary')
        self.assertIsInstance(d2, dict, 'Second argument is not a dictionary')

        if d1 != d2:
            standardMsg = '%s != %s' % (safe_repr(d1, True), safe_repr(d2, True))
            diff = ('\n' + '\n'.join(difflib.ndiff(
                           pprint.pformat(d1).splitlines(),
                           pprint.pformat(d2).splitlines())))
            standardMsg = self._truncateMessage(standardMsg, diff)
            self.fail(self._formatMessage(msg, standardMsg))

我不建议在生产代码中导入unittest。我的想法是,PyUnit中的源代码可以重新配置,以在生产环境中运行。它使用pprint来“漂亮地打印”字典。调整这段代码以使其“适合生产”似乎很容易。

其他回答

dic1 == dic2

来自python文档:

下面的例子都返回一个字典等于 {" 1 ": 1, " 2 ": 2, " 3 ": 3}: >>> a = dict(1 =1, 2 =2, 3 =3) >>> b = {' 1 ': 1, ' 2 ': 2, ' 3 ': 3} > > > c = dict (zip([“一”,“两个”,“三”],[1,2,3])) > > > d = dict([(2, 2),('一',1),(‘三’,3))) >>> e = dict({'三':3,'一':1,'二':2}) a == b == c == d == e 真正的

在第一个例子中提供关键字参数只适用于 是有效的Python标识符的键。否则,任何有效的密钥都可以 被使用。

适用于python2和python3。

我是python的新手,但我最终做了类似于@mouad的事情

unmatched_item = set(dict_1.items()) ^ set(dict_2.items())
len(unmatched_item) # should be 0

异或操作符(^)应该删除字典中的所有元素,如果它们在两个字典中都相同。

如果你想知道在两个字典中有多少值是匹配的,你应该这样说:)

也许是这样的:

shared_items = {k: x[k] for k in x if k in y and x[k] == y[k]}
print(len(shared_items))
>>> hash_1
{'a': 'foo', 'b': 'bar'}
>>> hash_2
{'a': 'foo', 'b': 'bar'}
>>> set_1 = set (hash_1.iteritems())
>>> set_1
set([('a', 'foo'), ('b', 'bar')])
>>> set_2 = set (hash_2.iteritems())
>>> set_2
set([('a', 'foo'), ('b', 'bar')])
>>> len (set_1.difference(set_2))
0
>>> if (len(set_1.difference(set_2)) | len(set_2.difference(set_1))) == False:
...    print "The two hashes match."
...
The two hashes match.
>>> hash_2['c'] = 'baz'
>>> hash_2
{'a': 'foo', 'c': 'baz', 'b': 'bar'}
>>> if (len(set_1.difference(set_2)) | len(set_2.difference(set_1))) == False:
...     print "The two hashes match."
...
>>>
>>> hash_2.pop('c')
'baz'

这是另一个选择:

>>> id(hash_1)
140640738806240
>>> id(hash_2)
140640738994848

所以你可以看到这两个id是不同的。但是丰富的比较操作符似乎可以做到这一点:

>>> hash_1 == hash_2
True
>>>
>>> hash_2
{'a': 'foo', 'b': 'bar'}
>>> set_2 = set (hash_2.iteritems())
>>> if (len(set_1.difference(set_2)) | len(set_2.difference(set_1))) == False:
...     print "The two hashes match."
...
The two hashes match.
>>>

下面的代码将帮助您比较python中的dict列表

def compate_generic_types(object1, object2):
    if isinstance(object1, str) and isinstance(object2, str):
        return object1 == object2
    elif isinstance(object1, unicode) and isinstance(object2, unicode):
        return object1 == object2
    elif isinstance(object1, bool) and isinstance(object2, bool):
        return object1 == object2
    elif isinstance(object1, int) and isinstance(object2, int):
        return object1 == object2
    elif isinstance(object1, float) and isinstance(object2, float):
        return object1 == object2
    elif isinstance(object1, float) and isinstance(object2, int):
        return object1 == float(object2)
    elif isinstance(object1, int) and isinstance(object2, float):
        return float(object1) == object2

    return True

def deep_list_compare(object1, object2):
    retval = True
    count = len(object1)
    object1 = sorted(object1)
    object2 = sorted(object2)
    for x in range(count):
        if isinstance(object1[x], dict) and isinstance(object2[x], dict):
            retval = deep_dict_compare(object1[x], object2[x])
            if retval is False:
                print "Unable to match [{0}] element in list".format(x)
                return False
        elif isinstance(object1[x], list) and isinstance(object2[x], list):
            retval = deep_list_compare(object1[x], object2[x])
            if retval is False:
                print "Unable to match [{0}] element in list".format(x)
                return False
        else:
            retval = compate_generic_types(object1[x], object2[x])
            if retval is False:
                print "Unable to match [{0}] element in list".format(x)
                return False

    return retval

def deep_dict_compare(object1, object2):
    retval = True

    if len(object1) != len(object2):
        return False

    for k in object1.iterkeys():
        obj1 = object1[k]
        obj2 = object2[k]
        if isinstance(obj1, list) and isinstance(obj2, list):
            retval = deep_list_compare(obj1, obj2)
            if retval is False:
                print "Unable to match [{0}]".format(k)
                return False

        elif isinstance(obj1, dict) and isinstance(obj2, dict):
            retval = deep_dict_compare(obj1, obj2)
            if retval is False:
                print "Unable to match [{0}]".format(k)
                return False
        else:
            retval = compate_generic_types(obj1, obj2)
            if retval is False:
                print "Unable to match [{0}]".format(k)
                return False

    return retval