在序列化时(比如使用boost::serialization)，放置new也非常有用。在c++的10年里，这只是我第二次需要新职位的情况(如果你包括面试的话，这是第三次:))。

它被std::vector<>使用，因为std::vector<>通常分配比vector<>中的对象更多的内存。

这里是c++ in-place构造函数的杀手级用法:对齐缓存线，以及其他2边界的幂。以下是我的超快速指针对齐算法，使用5个或更少的单周期指令，达到2边界的任意幂:

/* Quickly aligns the given pointer to a power of two boundary IN BYTES.
@return An aligned pointer of typename T.
@brief Algorithm is a 2's compliment trick that works by masking off
the desired number in 2's compliment and adding them to the
pointer.
@param pointer The pointer to align.
@param boundary_byte_count The boundary byte count that must be an even
power of 2.
@warning Function does not check if the boundary is a power of 2! */
template <typename T = char>
inline T* AlignUp(void* pointer, uintptr_t boundary_byte_count) {
  uintptr_t value = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(pointer);
  value += (((~value) + 1) & (boundary_byte_count - 1));
  return reinterpret_cast<T*>(value);
}

struct Foo { Foo () {} };
char buffer[sizeof (Foo) + 64];
Foo* foo = new (AlignUp<Foo> (buffer, 64)) Foo ();

这是不是让你的脸上露出了微笑(:)。我♥♥♥c++ 1x

The one place I've run across it is in containers which allocate a contiguous buffer and then fill it with objects as required. As mentioned, std::vector might do this, and I know some versions of MFC CArray and/or CList did this (because that's where I first ran across it). The buffer over-allocation method is a very useful optimization, and placement new is pretty much the only way to construct objects in that scenario. It is also used sometimes to construct objects in memory blocks allocated outside of your direct code.

我在类似的情况下使用过它，尽管它不经常出现。不过，它是c++工具箱中的一个有用工具。

我也有个主意。 c++确实有零开销原则。 但是异常不遵循这个原则，所以有时它们会被编译器开关关闭。

让我们来看看这个例子:

#include <new>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>

int main() {
    struct A {
        A() {
            printf("A()\n");
        }
        ~A() {
            printf("~A()\n");
        }
        char data[1000000000000000000] = {}; // some very big number
    };

    try {
        A *result = new A();
        printf("new passed: %p\n", result);
        delete result;
    } catch (std::bad_alloc) {
        printf("new failed\n");
    }
}

我们在这里分配一个大的结构体，检查分配是否成功，然后删除它。

但是如果我们关闭了异常，我们就不能使用try block，并且无法处理new[]失败。

我们怎么做呢?以下是如何做到的:

#include <new>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>

int main() {
    struct A {
        A() {
            printf("A()\n");
        }
        ~A() {
            printf("~A()\n");
        }
        char data[1000000000000000000] = {}; // some very big number
    };

    void *buf = malloc(sizeof(A));
    if (buf != nullptr) {
        A *result = new(buf) A();
        printf("new passed: %p\n", result);
        result->~A();
        free(result);
    } else {
        printf("new failed\n");
    }
}

使用简单的malloc 检查是否是C方式失败 如果成功了，我们就使用新位置 手动调用析构函数(不能直接调用delete) 电话免费，由于我们叫malloc

UPD @Useless写了一个注释，它向我的视图打开了new(nothrow)的存在，在这种情况下应该使用它，但不是我之前写的方法。请不要使用我之前写的代码。对不起。

我们将它用于自定义内存池。简单介绍一下:

class Pool {
public:
    Pool() { /* implementation details irrelevant */ };
    virtual ~Pool() { /* ditto */ };

    virtual void *allocate(size_t);
    virtual void deallocate(void *);

    static Pool *Pool::misc_pool() { return misc_pool_p; /* global MiscPool for general use */ }
};

class ClusterPool : public Pool { /* ... */ };
class FastPool : public Pool { /* ... */ };
class MapPool : public Pool { /* ... */ };
class MiscPool : public Pool { /* ... */ };

// elsewhere...

void *pnew_new(size_t size)
{
   return Pool::misc_pool()->allocate(size);
}

void *pnew_new(size_t size, Pool *pool_p)
{
   if (!pool_p) {
      return Pool::misc_pool()->allocate(size);
   }
   else {
      return pool_p->allocate(size);
   }
}

void pnew_delete(void *p)
{
   Pool *hp = Pool::find_pool(p);
   // note: if p == 0, then Pool::find_pool(p) will return 0.
   if (hp) {
      hp->deallocate(p);
   }
}

// elsewhere...

class Obj {
public:
   // misc ctors, dtors, etc.

   // just a sampling of new/del operators
   void *operator new(size_t s)             { return pnew_new(s); }
   void *operator new(size_t s, Pool *hp)   { return pnew_new(s, hp); }
   void operator delete(void *dp)           { pnew_delete(dp); }
   void operator delete(void *dp, Pool*)    { pnew_delete(dp); }

   void *operator new[](size_t s)           { return pnew_new(s); }
   void *operator new[](size_t s, Pool* hp) { return pnew_new(s, hp); }
   void operator delete[](void *dp)         { pnew_delete(dp); }
   void operator delete[](void *dp, Pool*)  { pnew_delete(dp); }
};

// elsewhere...

ClusterPool *cp = new ClusterPool(arg1, arg2, ...);

Obj *new_obj = new (cp) Obj(arg_a, arg_b, ...);

现在你可以将对象聚集在一个单独的内存区域中，选择一个非常快但不进行释放的分配器，使用内存映射，以及任何你希望通过选择池并将其作为参数传递给对象的放置new操作符来施加的语义。