这是最好的方法:

       android.app.Fragment currentFragment=getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.main_container);
            if(currentFragment!=null)
            {
                String[] currentFragmentName = currentFragment.toString().split("\\{");
                if (currentFragmentName[0].toString().equalsIgnoreCase("HomeSubjectFragment"))
                {
                    fragment = new HomeStagesFragment();
                    tx = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
                    tx.replace(R.id.main_container, fragment);
                    tx.addToBackStack(null);
                    tx.commit();
                }
                else if(currentFragmentName[0].toString().equalsIgnoreCase("HomeStagesFragment"))
                {
                    new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
                            .setMessage("Are you sure you want to exit?")
                            .setCancelable(false)
                            .setPositiveButton("Yes", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
                                    finish();
                                }
                            })
                            .setNegativeButton("No", null)
                            .show();
                }

            }

不要忘记在header中定义这个:

private Fragment fragment;
FragmentTransaction tx;

如果你有嵌套片段，如viewpagers内部viewpagers等 你想要得到所有嵌套的片段。

感谢Matt Mombrea的好意，回答一个稍微调整的版本。

private List<Fragment> getVisibleFragments(List<Fragment> searchFragments, List<Fragment> visibleFragments) {
    if (searchFragments != null && searchFragments.size() > 0) {
        for (Fragment fragment : searchFragments) {
            List<Fragment> nestedFragments = new ArrayList<>();
            List<Fragment> childFMFragments = fragment.getChildFragmentManager().getFragments();
            List<Fragment> fmFragments = fragment.getFragmentManager().getFragments();
            fmFragments.retainAll(childFMFragments);
            nestedFragments.addAll(childFMFragments);
            nestedFragments.addAll(fmFragments);
            getVisibleFragments(nestedFragments, visibleFragments);
            if (fragment != null && fragment.isVisible()) {
                visibleFragments.add(fragment);
            }
        }
    }
    return visibleFragments;
}

用法如下:

List<Fragment> allVisibleFragments = getVisibleFragments(searchFragments, visibleFragments);

例如:

List<Fragment> visibleFragments = new ArrayList<>();
List<Fragment> searchFragments = MainActivity.this.getSupportFragmentManager().getFragments();
Toast.makeText(this, ""+getVisibleFragments(searchFragments, visibleFragments), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

In the main activity, the onAttachFragment(Fragment fragment) method is called when a new fragment is attached to the activity. In this method, you can get the instance of the current fragment. However, the onAttachFragment(Fragment fragment) method is not called when a fragment is popped off the back stack, ie, when the back button is pressed to get the top fragment on top of the stack. I am still looking for a callback method that is triggered in the main activity when a fragment becomes visible inside the activity.

简单的方法:

Fragment fr=getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.fragment_container);
String fragmentName = fr.getClass().getSimpleName();

我知道这是一个老帖子，但之前也遇到了麻烦。找到了一个解决方案，这是在onBackStackChanged()监听函数

  @Override
    public void onBackPressed() {
        super.onBackPressed();

         Fragment f = getActivity().getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.fragment_container);
      if(f instanceof CustomFragmentClass) 
        // do something with f
        ((CustomFragmentClass) f).doSomething();

    }

这对我来说很有效，因为我不想遍历每个片段，我必须找到一个可见的片段。

getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.content_frame).getClass().getSimpleName();

我想这是对这个问题最直接的回答。 我希望这能有所帮助。