签出此解决方案。我成功拿到了现在的碎片。

if(getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount() > 0){
        android.support.v4.app.Fragment f = 
         getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.fragment_container);
        if(f instanceof ProfileFragment){
            Log.d(TAG, "Profile Fragment");
        }else if(f instanceof SavedLocationsFragment){
            Log.d(TAG, "SavedLocations Fragment");
        }else if(f instanceof AddLocationFragment){
            Log.d(TAG, "Add Locations Fragment");
        }

在你的活动中，在创建之前初始化你的片段

    MyFragment myFragment = new MyFragment(); // add this
 @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
........

然后调用该方法来查看您的片段

openFragment(this.myFragment);

这是方法

(R.id.frame_container)是xml文件中的片段容器id (框架布局)

 private void openFragment(final Fragment fragment)   {
        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        FragmentTransaction transaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        transaction.replace(R.id.frame_container, fragment);
        transaction.commit();

    }

那么在你的活动中，Override方法应该是这样的

    public void onBackPressed() {
            if (myFragment.isVisible()) {
                myFragment.onBackPressed(this);
                return;
            }
            super.onBackPressed();
        }

然后在你的片段中放入这个方法

public  void onBackPressed(Activity activity) {
    Toast.makeText(activity, "Back Pressed inside Fragment", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}

每次当你显示fragment时，你必须把它标签放入backstack:

FragmentTransaction ft = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
ft.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_ENTER_MASK);       
ft.add(R.id.primaryLayout, fragment, tag);
ft.addToBackStack(tag);
ft.commit();        

然后当你需要获取当前片段时，你可以使用这个方法:

public BaseFragment getActiveFragment() {
    if (getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount() == 0) {
        return null;
    }
    String tag = getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryAt(getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount() - 1).getName();
    return (BaseFragment) getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag(tag);
}

在这些情况下，使用事件总线(如Otto、EventBus或RxJava总线)特别方便。

虽然这种方法不一定会将当前可见的片段作为对象传递给您(尽管也可以这样做，但这会导致更长的调用链)，但它允许您在当前可见的片段上执行操作(这通常是您想要知道当前可见的片段所做的事情)。

确保您尊重片段生命周期，并在适当的时间注册/取消注册事件总线 此时，您需要知道当前可见的片段并执行一组操作。使用事件总线输出事件。

所有已注册到总线的可见片段都将执行必要的操作。

In the main activity, the onAttachFragment(Fragment fragment) method is called when a new fragment is attached to the activity. In this method, you can get the instance of the current fragment. However, the onAttachFragment(Fragment fragment) method is not called when a fragment is popped off the back stack, ie, when the back button is pressed to get the top fragment on top of the stack. I am still looking for a callback method that is triggered in the main activity when a fragment becomes visible inside the activity.

您可以使用以下代码获取当前片段

FragmentClass f = (FragmentClass)viewPager.getAdapter().instantiateItem(viewPager, viewPager.getCurrentItem());