每次当你显示fragment时，你必须把它标签放入backstack:

FragmentTransaction ft = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
ft.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_ENTER_MASK);       
ft.add(R.id.primaryLayout, fragment, tag);
ft.addToBackStack(tag);
ft.commit();        

然后当你需要获取当前片段时，你可以使用这个方法:

public BaseFragment getActiveFragment() {
    if (getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount() == 0) {
        return null;
    }
    String tag = getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryAt(getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount() - 1).getName();
    return (BaseFragment) getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag(tag);
}

下面是一个Kotlin解决方案:

if ( this.getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount()>0 ) {
    var fgmt = this.getSupportFragmentManager().fragments[this.getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount()-1]
    if( fgmt is FgmtClassName ) {
        (fgmt as FgmtClassName).doSth()
    }
}

简化的方法:

with ( this.getSupportFragmentManager() ) {
    if ( getBackStackEntryCount()>0 ) {
        var fgmt = fragments[getBackStackEntryCount()-1]
        if ( fgmt is FgmtClassName ) {
            (fgmt as FgmtClassName).doSth()
        }
    }
}

我只需要这样做，如果你有访问导航控制器，你可以从后面的堆栈很容易地获得当前片段:

// current fragments label/title:
navController.backStack.last.destination.label

// current fragments name:
navController.backStack.last.destination.displayName

要访问导航控制器(替换为正确的名称):

val navController = findNavController(R.id.nav_host_fragment_activity_main)

签出此解决方案。我成功拿到了现在的碎片。

if(getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount() > 0){
        android.support.v4.app.Fragment f = 
         getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.fragment_container);
        if(f instanceof ProfileFragment){
            Log.d(TAG, "Profile Fragment");
        }else if(f instanceof SavedLocationsFragment){
            Log.d(TAG, "SavedLocations Fragment");
        }else if(f instanceof AddLocationFragment){
            Log.d(TAG, "Add Locations Fragment");
        }

有点奇怪，但我看了FragmentManager$FragmentManagerImpl和以下工作为我:

public static Fragment getActiveFragment(Activity activity, int index)
{
    Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
    String key = "i";
    bundle.putInt(key,index);
    Fragment fragment=null;
    try
    {
        fragment = activity.getFragmentManager().getFragment(bundle, key);
    } catch(Exception e){}
    return fragment;
}

要获得第一个活动片段，请使用0作为索引

如果getFragmentManager()不工作，然后尝试与getSupportFragmentManager()，并在加载片段时添加一个标签。

public void onBackPressed(){

    Fragment fragment=getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag(/*enter your tag*/);


    if(fragment!=null && fragment.isVisible())
    {
        //do your code here
    }
    else
    {
       //do your code here
    }

}