我知道可以匹配一个单词,然后用其他工具逆转比赛(例如 grep -v)。但是,可以匹配不包含一个特定的单词,例如 hede,使用常规表达式的线条吗?
入口:
hoho
hihi
haha
hede
代码:
grep "<Regex for 'doesn't contain hede'>" input
所需的产量:
hoho
hihi
haha
当前回答
使用(?<!hede)是更好的答案(?<!whateverYouDontWantToMatch)是一个负面看向后,而不是(?!whateverYouDontWantToMatch)这是一个负面看向前。这意味着(?<!)它会检查正确的当前位置的线条而不是只是观看比赛。
其他回答
用此,你避免在每个位置测试一个 lookahead:
/^(?:[^h]+|h++(?!ede))*+$/
相当于(为.net ):
^(?>(?:[^h]+|h+(?!ede))*)$
老答案:
/^(?>[^h]+|h+(?!ede))*$/
下面的功能将帮助您获得所需的产量
<?PHP
function removePrepositions($text){
$propositions=array('/\bfor\b/i','/\bthe\b/i');
if( count($propositions) > 0 ) {
foreach($propositions as $exceptionPhrase) {
$text = preg_replace($exceptionPhrase, '', trim($text));
}
$retval = trim($text);
}
return $retval;
}
?>
如果你想匹配一个字符,否认类似于否认字符类的单词:
例如,一条线:
<?
$str="aaa bbb4 aaa bbb7";
?>
不要使用:
<?
preg_match('/aaa[^bbb]+?bbb7/s', $str, $matches);
?>
使用:
<?
preg_match('/aaa(?:(?!bbb).)+?bbb7/s', $str, $matches);
?>
警告“(?!bbb.)”不是 lookbehind 或 lookahead,它是 lookcurrent,例如:
"(?=abc)abcde", "(?!abc)abcde"
自推出Ruby-2.4.1以来,我们可以在Ruby的常规表达中使用新缺席运营商。
官方DOC
(?~abc) matches: "", "ab", "aab", "cccc", etc.
It doesn't match: "abc", "aabc", "ccccabc", etc.
因此,在你的情况下 ^(?~hede)$ 为你做工作
2.4.1 :016 > ["hoho", "hihi", "haha", "hede"].select{|s| /^(?~hede)$/.match(s)}
=> ["hoho", "hihi", "haha"]
基准
我决定评估一些提交的选项,并比较其性能,以及使用一些新功能。
参考文本:
第一 7 行不应匹配,因为它们包含所搜索的表达式,而下 7 行应匹配!
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结果:
结果是每秒以 3 轮的平均值 - 大数 = 更好
01: ^((?!Regex Hero).)*$ 3.914 // Accepted Answer
02: ^(?:(?!Regex Hero).)*$ 5.034 // With Non-Capturing group
03: ^(?!.*?Regex Hero).* 7.356 // Lookahead at the beginning, if not found match everything
04: ^(?>[^R]+|R(?!egex Hero))*$ 6.137 // Lookahead only on the right first letter
05: ^(?>(?:.*?Regex Hero)?)^.*$ 7.426 // Match the word and check if you're still at linestart
06: ^(?(?=.*?Regex Hero)(?#fail)|.*)$ 7.371 // Logic Branch: Find Regex Hero? match nothing, else anything
P1: ^(?(?=.*?Regex Hero)(*FAIL)|(*ACCEPT)) ????? // Logic Branch in Perl - Quick FAIL
P2: .*?Regex Hero(*COMMIT)(*FAIL)|(*ACCEPT) ????? // Direct COMMIT & FAIL in Perl
由于.NET 不支持操作 Verbs (*FAIL 等) 我无法测试 P1 和 P2 解决方案。
总结:
总的来说,最可读和最快的解决方案似乎是03与一个简单的负面视图,这也是JavaScript的最快的解决方案,因为JS不支持其他解决方案的更先进的Regex功能。
