我如何在Python中命名一个外部命令,就好像我把它写在一个<unk>或命令中?
当前回答
我会推荐下面的“运行”方法,它会帮助我们获得标准输出、标准错误和输出状态作为词典;这个词典的呼叫者可以通过“运行”方法阅读词典返回,以了解过程的实际状态。
def run (cmd):
print "+ DEBUG exec({0})".format(cmd)
p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True, shell=True)
(out, err) = p.communicate()
ret = p.wait()
out = filter(None, out.split('\n'))
err = filter(None, err.split('\n'))
ret = True if ret == 0 else False
return dict({'output': out, 'error': err, 'status': ret})
#end
其他回答
下面是我的两个百分点:在我看来,这是处理外部命令时最好的做法......
这些是执行方法的回报值......
pass, stdout, stderr = execute(["ls","-la"],"/home/user/desktop")
这是执行方法......
def execute(cmdArray,workingDir):
stdout = ''
stderr = ''
try:
try:
process = subprocess.Popen(cmdArray,cwd=workingDir, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, bufsize=1)
except OSError:
return [False, '', 'ERROR : command(' + ' '.join(cmdArray) + ') could not get executed!']
for line in iter(process.stdout.readline, b''):
try:
echoLine = line.decode("utf-8")
except:
echoLine = str(line)
stdout += echoLine
for line in iter(process.stderr.readline, b''):
try:
echoLine = line.decode("utf-8")
except:
echoLine = str(line)
stderr += echoLine
except (KeyboardInterrupt,SystemExit) as err:
return [False,'',str(err)]
process.stdout.close()
returnCode = process.wait()
if returnCode != 0 or stderr != '':
return [False, stdout, stderr]
else:
return [True, stdout, stderr]
我倾向于与shlex一起使用子过程(以处理引用的绳子的逃避):
>>> import subprocess, shlex
>>> command = 'ls -l "/your/path/with spaces/"'
>>> call_params = shlex.split(command)
>>> print call_params
["ls", "-l", "/your/path/with spaces/"]
>>> subprocess.call(call_params)
使用Python模块的Popen函数是运行Linux命令的最简单方式,Popen.communicate()函数将为您的命令提供输出。
import subprocess
..
process = subprocess.Popen(..) # Pass command and arguments to the function
stdout, stderr = process.communicate() # Get command output and error
..
我写了一封信来处理错误,并重新引导输出和其他东西。
import shlex
import psutil
import subprocess
def call_cmd(cmd, stdout=sys.stdout, quiet=False, shell=False, raise_exceptions=True, use_shlex=True, timeout=None):
"""Exec command by command line like 'ln -ls "/var/log"'
"""
if not quiet:
print("Run %s", str(cmd))
if use_shlex and isinstance(cmd, (str, unicode)):
cmd = shlex.split(cmd)
if timeout is None:
process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=stdout, stderr=sys.stderr, shell=shell)
retcode = process.wait()
else:
process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=stdout, stderr=sys.stderr, shell=shell)
p = psutil.Process(process.pid)
finish, alive = psutil.wait_procs([p], timeout)
if len(alive) > 0:
ps = p.children()
ps.insert(0, p)
print('waiting for timeout again due to child process check')
finish, alive = psutil.wait_procs(ps, 0)
if len(alive) > 0:
print('process {} will be killed'.format([p.pid for p in alive]))
for p in alive:
p.kill()
if raise_exceptions:
print('External program timeout at {} {}'.format(timeout, cmd))
raise CalledProcessTimeout(1, cmd)
retcode = process.wait()
if retcode and raise_exceptions:
print("External program failed %s", str(cmd))
raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
你可以这样称之为:
cmd = 'ln -ls "/var/log"'
stdout = 'out.txt'
call_cmd(cmd, stdout)
典型的实施:
import subprocess
p = subprocess.Popen('ls', shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
for line in p.stdout.readlines():
print line,
retval = p.wait()
事实上,你可以简单地忽略这些参数(stdout=和stderr=)并将像os.system()一样行事。
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