我想在sql 2008上写一个查询，它将报告所有有权访问特定数据库的用户，或数据库中的对象，如表，视图和存储过程，直接或由于角色等。该报告将用于安全审计目的。不确定是否有人有一个查询，将完全满足我的需求，但希望能给我一个好的开始。无论是sql 2008, 2005或2000将做，我可以根据需要转换。
当前回答
CREATE PROCEDURE Get_permission
AS
DECLARE @db_name VARCHAR(200),
@sql_text VARCHAR(max)
SET @sql_text='Create table ##db_name (user_name varchar(max),'
DECLARE db_cursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT name
FROM sys.databases
OPEN db_cursor
FETCH next FROM db_cursor INTO @db_name
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
SET @sql_text=@sql_text + @db_name + ' varchar(max),'
FETCH next FROM db_cursor INTO @db_name
END
CLOSE db_cursor
SET @sql_text=@sql_text + 'Server_perm varchar(max))'
EXEC (@sql_text)
DEALLOCATE db_cursor
DECLARE @RoleName VARCHAR(50)
DECLARE @UserName VARCHAR(50)
DECLARE @CMD VARCHAR(1000)
CREATE TABLE #permission
(
user_name VARCHAR(50),
databasename VARCHAR(50),
role VARCHAR(50)
)
DECLARE longspcur CURSOR FOR
SELECT name
FROM sys.server_principals
WHERE type IN ( 'S', 'U', 'G' )
AND principal_id > 4
AND name NOT LIKE '##%'
AND name <> 'NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM'
AND name <> 'ONDEMAND\Administrator'
AND name NOT LIKE 'steel%'
OPEN longspcur
FETCH next FROM longspcur INTO @UserName
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
CREATE TABLE #userroles_kk
(
databasename VARCHAR(50),
role VARCHAR(50)
)
CREATE TABLE #rolemember_kk
(
dbrole VARCHAR(100),
membername VARCHAR(100),
membersid VARBINARY(2048)
)
SET @CMD = 'use ? truncate table #RoleMember_kk insert into #RoleMember_kk exec sp_helprolemember insert into #UserRoles_kk (DatabaseName, Role) select db_name(), dbRole from #RoleMember_kk where MemberName = ''' + @UserName + ''''
EXEC Sp_msforeachdb
@CMD
INSERT INTO #permission
SELECT @UserName 'user',
b.name,
u.role
FROM sys.sysdatabases b
LEFT OUTER JOIN #userroles_kk u
ON u.databasename = b.name --and u.Role='db_owner'
ORDER BY 1
DROP TABLE #userroles_kk;
DROP TABLE #rolemember_kk;
FETCH next FROM longspcur INTO @UserName
END
CLOSE longspcur
DEALLOCATE longspcur
TRUNCATE TABLE ##db_name
DECLARE @d1 VARCHAR(max),
@d2 VARCHAR(max),
@d3 VARCHAR(max),
@ss VARCHAR(max)
DECLARE perm_cur CURSOR FOR
SELECT *
FROM #permission
ORDER BY 2 DESC
OPEN perm_cur
FETCH next FROM perm_cur INTO @d1, @d2, @d3
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1
FROM ##db_name
WHERE user_name = @d1)
BEGIN
SET @ss='insert into ##db_name(user_name) values ('''
+ @d1 + ''')'
EXEC (@ss)
SET @ss='update ##db_name set ' + @d2 + '=''' + @d3
+ ''' where user_name=''' + @d1 + ''''
EXEC (@ss)
END
ELSE
BEGIN
DECLARE @var NVARCHAR(max),
@ParmDefinition NVARCHAR(max),
@var1 NVARCHAR(max)
SET @var = N'select @var1=' + @d2
+ ' from ##db_name where USER_NAME=''' + @d1
+ '''';
SET @ParmDefinition = N'@var1 nvarchar(300) OUTPUT';
EXECUTE Sp_executesql
@var,
@ParmDefinition,
@var1=@var1 output;
SET @var1=Isnull(@var1, ' ')
SET @var= ' update ##db_name set ' + @d2 + '=''' + @var1 + ' '
+ @d3 + ''' where user_name=''' + @d1 + ''' '
EXEC (@var)
END
FETCH next FROM perm_cur INTO @d1, @d2, @d3
END
CLOSE perm_cur
DEALLOCATE perm_cur
SELECT *
FROM ##db_name
DROP TABLE ##db_name
DROP TABLE #permission
其他回答
无法评论已接受的答案，所以我将在这里添加一些评论:
I second Brad on schemas issue. From MS reference sys.objects table contains only schema-scoped objects. So to get info about "higher level" objects (i.e. schemas in our case) you need to use sys.schemas table. For [ObjectType] it's better to use obj.type_desc only for OBJECT_OR_COLUMN permission class. For all other cases use perm.[class_desc] Another type of permission which is not handled so well with this query is IMPERSONATE. To get info about impersonations one should LEFT JOIN with sys.database_principals on perm.major_id = imp.principal_id With my experience it's better to replace sys.login_token with sys.server_principals as it will show also SQL Logins, not only Windows ones One should add 'G' to allowed principal types to allow Windows groups Also, one can exclude users sys and INFORMATION_SCHEMA from resulting table, as these users are used only for service
我将发布第一个带有所有建议修复的脚本，其他部分也应该被更改:
SELECT
[UserName] = ulogin.[name],
[UserType] = CASE princ.[type]
WHEN 'S' THEN 'SQL User'
WHEN 'U' THEN 'Windows User'
WHEN 'G' THEN 'Windows Group'
END,
[DatabaseUserName] = princ.[name],
[Role] = null,
[PermissionType] = perm.[permission_name],
[PermissionState] = perm.[state_desc],
[ObjectType] = CASE perm.[class]
WHEN 1 THEN obj.type_desc -- Schema-contained objects
ELSE perm.[class_desc] -- Higher-level objects
END,
[ObjectName] = CASE perm.[class]
WHEN 1 THEN OBJECT_NAME(perm.major_id) -- General objects
WHEN 3 THEN schem.[name] -- Schemas
WHEN 4 THEN imp.[name] -- Impersonations
END,
[ColumnName] = col.[name]
FROM
--database user
sys.database_principals princ
LEFT JOIN
--Login accounts
sys.server_principals ulogin on princ.[sid] = ulogin.[sid]
LEFT JOIN
--Permissions
sys.database_permissions perm ON perm.[grantee_principal_id] = princ.[principal_id]
LEFT JOIN
--Table columns
sys.columns col ON col.[object_id] = perm.major_id
AND col.[column_id] = perm.[minor_id]
LEFT JOIN
sys.objects obj ON perm.[major_id] = obj.[object_id]
LEFT JOIN
sys.schemas schem ON schem.[schema_id] = perm.[major_id]
LEFT JOIN
sys.database_principals imp ON imp.[principal_id] = perm.[major_id]
WHERE
princ.[type] IN ('S','U','G') AND
-- No need for these system accounts
princ.[name] NOT IN ('sys', 'INFORMATION_SCHEMA')
很棒的脚本Jeremy和贡献者!谢谢!
我有很多用户，所以为所有用户运行这个程序简直是一场噩梦。我不能添加评论，所以我发布了整个脚本的变化。我添加了一个变量+ where子句，这样我就可以搜索用户名中匹配最多5个字符的任何内容(或当留空时所有用户)。没什么特别的，但我认为在某些用例中会有帮助。
DECLARE @p_userName NVARCHAR(5) = 'UName' -- Specify up to five characters here (or none for all users)
/*
Security Audit Report
1) List all access provisioned to a sql user or windows user/group directly
2) List all access provisioned to a sql user or windows user/group through a database or application role
3) List all access provisioned to the public role
Columns Returned:
UserName : SQL or Windows/Active Directory user cccount. This could also be an Active Directory group.
UserType : Value will be either 'SQL User' or 'Windows User'. This reflects the type of user defined for the SQL Server user account.
DatabaseUserName: Name of the associated user as defined in the database user account. The database user may not be the same as the server user.
Role : The role name. This will be null if the associated permissions to the object are defined at directly on the user account, otherwise this will be the name of the role that the user is a member of.
PermissionType : Type of permissions the user/role has on an object. Examples could include CONNECT, EXECUTE, SELECT, DELETE, INSERT, ALTER, CONTROL, TAKE OWNERSHIP, VIEW DEFINITION, etc. This value may not be populated for all roles. Some built in roles have implicit permission definitions.
PermissionState : Reflects the state of the permission type, examples could include GRANT, DENY, etc. This value may not be populated for all roles. Some built in roles have implicit permission definitions.
ObjectType : Type of object the user/role is assigned permissions on. Examples could include USER_TABLE, SQL_SCALAR_FUNCTION, SQL_INLINE_TABLE_VALUED_FUNCTION, SQL_STORED_PROCEDURE, VIEW, etc. This value may not be populated for all roles. Some built in roles have implicit permission definitions.
ObjectName : Name of the object that the user/role is assigned permissions on. This value may not be populated for all roles. Some built in roles have implicit permission definitions.
ColumnName : Name of the column of the object that the user/role is assigned permissions on. This value is only populated if the object is a table, view or a table value function.
*/
DECLARE @userName NVARCHAR(4) = @p_UserName + '%'
--List all access provisioned to a sql user or windows user/group directly
SELECT
[UserName] = CASE princ.[type]
WHEN 'S' THEN princ.[name]
WHEN 'U' THEN ulogin.[name] COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AI
END,
[UserType] = CASE princ.[type]
WHEN 'S' THEN 'SQL User'
WHEN 'U' THEN 'Windows User'
END,
[DatabaseUserName] = princ.[name],
[Role] = null,
[PermissionType] = perm.[permission_name],
[PermissionState] = perm.[state_desc],
[ObjectType] = obj.type_desc,--perm.[class_desc],
[ObjectName] = OBJECT_NAME(perm.major_id),
[ColumnName] = col.[name]
FROM
--database user
sys.database_principals princ
LEFT JOIN
--Login accounts
sys.login_token ulogin on princ.[sid] = ulogin.[sid]
LEFT JOIN
--Permissions
sys.database_permissions perm ON perm.[grantee_principal_id] = princ.[principal_id]
LEFT JOIN
--Table columns
sys.columns col ON col.[object_id] = perm.major_id
AND col.[column_id] = perm.[minor_id]
LEFT JOIN
sys.objects obj ON perm.[major_id] = obj.[object_id]
WHERE
princ.[type] in ('S','U')
AND princ.[name] LIKE @userName -- Added this line --CSLAGLE
UNION
--List all access provisioned to a sql user or windows user/group through a database or application role
SELECT
[UserName] = CASE memberprinc.[type]
WHEN 'S' THEN memberprinc.[name]
WHEN 'U' THEN ulogin.[name] COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AI
END,
[UserType] = CASE memberprinc.[type]
WHEN 'S' THEN 'SQL User'
WHEN 'U' THEN 'Windows User'
END,
[DatabaseUserName] = memberprinc.[name],
[Role] = roleprinc.[name],
[PermissionType] = perm.[permission_name],
[PermissionState] = perm.[state_desc],
[ObjectType] = obj.type_desc,--perm.[class_desc],
[ObjectName] = OBJECT_NAME(perm.major_id),
[ColumnName] = col.[name]
FROM
--Role/member associations
sys.database_role_members members
JOIN
--Roles
sys.database_principals roleprinc ON roleprinc.[principal_id] = members.[role_principal_id]
JOIN
--Role members (database users)
sys.database_principals memberprinc ON memberprinc.[principal_id] = members.[member_principal_id]
LEFT JOIN
--Login accounts
sys.login_token ulogin on memberprinc.[sid] = ulogin.[sid]
LEFT JOIN
--Permissions
sys.database_permissions perm ON perm.[grantee_principal_id] = roleprinc.[principal_id]
LEFT JOIN
--Table columns
sys.columns col on col.[object_id] = perm.major_id
AND col.[column_id] = perm.[minor_id]
LEFT JOIN
sys.objects obj ON perm.[major_id] = obj.[object_id]
WHERE memberprinc.[name] LIKE @userName -- Added this line --CSLAGLE
UNION
--List all access provisioned to the public role, which everyone gets by default
SELECT
[UserName] = '{All Users}',
[UserType] = '{All Users}',
[DatabaseUserName] = '{All Users}',
[Role] = roleprinc.[name],
[PermissionType] = perm.[permission_name],
[PermissionState] = perm.[state_desc],
[ObjectType] = obj.type_desc,--perm.[class_desc],
[ObjectName] = OBJECT_NAME(perm.major_id),
[ColumnName] = col.[name]
FROM
--Roles
sys.database_principals roleprinc
LEFT JOIN
--Role permissions
sys.database_permissions perm ON perm.[grantee_principal_id] = roleprinc.[principal_id]
LEFT JOIN
--Table columns
sys.columns col on col.[object_id] = perm.major_id
AND col.[column_id] = perm.[minor_id]
JOIN
--All objects
sys.objects obj ON obj.[object_id] = perm.[major_id]
WHERE
--Only roles
roleprinc.[type] = 'R' AND
--Only public role
roleprinc.[name] = 'public' AND
--Only objects of ours, not the MS objects
obj.is_ms_shipped = 0
ORDER BY
princ.[Name],
OBJECT_NAME(perm.major_id),
col.[name],
perm.[permission_name],
perm.[state_desc],
obj.type_desc--perm.[class_desc]
由于低代表不能与此回复的人要求在多个数据库/SQL服务器上运行此。
创建一个注册的服务器组，并查询他们所有的我们以下和只是游标通过数据库:
--Make sure all ' are doubled within the SQL string.
DECLARE @dbname VARCHAR(50)
DECLARE @statement NVARCHAR(max)
DECLARE db_cursor CURSOR
LOCAL FAST_FORWARD
FOR
SELECT name
FROM MASTER.dbo.sysdatabases
where name like '%DBName%'
OPEN db_cursor
FETCH NEXT FROM db_cursor INTO @dbname
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
SELECT @statement = 'use '+@dbname +';'+ '
/*
Security Audit Report
1) List all access provisioned to a SQL user or Windows user/group directly
2) List all access provisioned to a SQL user or Windows user/group through a database or application role
3) List all access provisioned to the public role
Columns Returned:
UserType : Value will be either ''SQL User'', ''Windows User'', or ''Windows Group''.
This reflects the type of user/group defined for the SQL Server account.
DatabaseUserName: Name of the associated user as defined in the database user account. The database user may not be the
same as the server user.
LoginName : SQL or Windows/Active Directory user account. This could also be an Active Directory group.
Role : The role name. This will be null if the associated permissions to the object are defined at directly
on the user account, otherwise this will be the name of the role that the user is a member of.
PermissionType : Type of permissions the user/role has on an object. Examples could include CONNECT, EXECUTE, SELECT
DELETE, INSERT, ALTER, CONTROL, TAKE OWNERSHIP, VIEW DEFINITION, etc.
This value may not be populated for all roles. Some built in roles have implicit permission
definitions.
PermissionState : Reflects the state of the permission type, examples could include GRANT, DENY, etc.
This value may not be populated for all roles. Some built in roles have implicit permission
definitions.
ObjectType : Type of object the user/role is assigned permissions on. Examples could include USER_TABLE,
SQL_SCALAR_FUNCTION, SQL_INLINE_TABLE_VALUED_FUNCTION, SQL_STORED_PROCEDURE, VIEW, etc.
This value may not be populated for all roles. Some built in roles have implicit permission
definitions.
Schema : Name of the schema the object is in.
ObjectName : Name of the object that the user/role is assigned permissions on.
This value may not be populated for all roles. Some built in roles have implicit permission
definitions.
ColumnName : Name of the column of the object that the user/role is assigned permissions on. This value
is only populated if the object is a table, view or a table value function.
*/
--1) List all access provisioned to a SQL user or Windows user/group directly
SELECT
[UserType] = CASE princ.[type]
WHEN ''S'' THEN ''SQL User''
WHEN ''U'' THEN ''Windows User''
WHEN ''G'' THEN ''Windows Group''
END,
[DatabaseUserName] = princ.[name],
[LoginName] = ulogin.[name],
[Role] = NULL,
[PermissionType] = perm.[permission_name],
[PermissionState] = perm.[state_desc],
[ObjectType] = CASE perm.[class]
WHEN 1 THEN obj.[type_desc] -- Schema-contained objects
ELSE perm.[class_desc] -- Higher-level objects
END,
[Schema] = objschem.[name],
[ObjectName] = CASE perm.[class]
WHEN 3 THEN permschem.[name] -- Schemas
WHEN 4 THEN imp.[name] -- Impersonations
ELSE OBJECT_NAME(perm.[major_id]) -- General objects
END,
[ColumnName] = col.[name]
FROM
--Database user
sys.database_principals AS princ
--Login accounts
LEFT JOIN sys.server_principals AS ulogin ON ulogin.[sid] = princ.[sid]
--Permissions
LEFT JOIN sys.database_permissions AS perm ON perm.[grantee_principal_id] = princ.[principal_id]
LEFT JOIN sys.schemas AS permschem ON permschem.[schema_id] = perm.[major_id]
LEFT JOIN sys.objects AS obj ON obj.[object_id] = perm.[major_id]
LEFT JOIN sys.schemas AS objschem ON objschem.[schema_id] = obj.[schema_id]
--Table columns
LEFT JOIN sys.columns AS col ON col.[object_id] = perm.[major_id]
AND col.[column_id] = perm.[minor_id]
--Impersonations
LEFT JOIN sys.database_principals AS imp ON imp.[principal_id] = perm.[major_id]
WHERE
princ.[type] IN (''S'',''U'',''G'')
-- No need for these system accounts
AND princ.[name] NOT IN (''sys'', ''INFORMATION_SCHEMA'')
UNION
--2) List all access provisioned to a SQL user or Windows user/group through a database or application role
SELECT
[UserType] = CASE membprinc.[type]
WHEN ''S'' THEN ''SQL User''
WHEN ''U'' THEN ''Windows User''
WHEN ''G'' THEN ''Windows Group''
END,
[DatabaseUserName] = membprinc.[name],
[LoginName] = ulogin.[name],
[Role] = roleprinc.[name],
[PermissionType] = perm.[permission_name],
[PermissionState] = perm.[state_desc],
[ObjectType] = CASE perm.[class]
WHEN 1 THEN obj.[type_desc] -- Schema-contained objects
ELSE perm.[class_desc] -- Higher-level objects
END,
[Schema] = objschem.[name],
[ObjectName] = CASE perm.[class]
WHEN 3 THEN permschem.[name] -- Schemas
WHEN 4 THEN imp.[name] -- Impersonations
ELSE OBJECT_NAME(perm.[major_id]) -- General objects
END,
[ColumnName] = col.[name]
FROM
--Role/member associations
sys.database_role_members AS members
--Roles
JOIN sys.database_principals AS roleprinc ON roleprinc.[principal_id] = members.[role_principal_id]
--Role members (database users)
JOIN sys.database_principals AS membprinc ON membprinc.[principal_id] = members.[member_principal_id]
--Login accounts
LEFT JOIN sys.server_principals AS ulogin ON ulogin.[sid] = membprinc.[sid]
--Permissions
LEFT JOIN sys.database_permissions AS perm ON perm.[grantee_principal_id] = roleprinc.[principal_id]
LEFT JOIN sys.schemas AS permschem ON permschem.[schema_id] = perm.[major_id]
LEFT JOIN sys.objects AS obj ON obj.[object_id] = perm.[major_id]
LEFT JOIN sys.schemas AS objschem ON objschem.[schema_id] = obj.[schema_id]
--Table columns
LEFT JOIN sys.columns AS col ON col.[object_id] = perm.[major_id]
AND col.[column_id] = perm.[minor_id]
--Impersonations
LEFT JOIN sys.database_principals AS imp ON imp.[principal_id] = perm.[major_id]
WHERE
membprinc.[type] IN (''S'',''U'',''G'')
-- No need for these system accounts
AND membprinc.[name] NOT IN (''sys'', ''INFORMATION_SCHEMA'')
UNION
--3) List all access provisioned to the public role, which everyone gets by default
SELECT
[UserType] = ''{All Users}'',
[DatabaseUserName] = ''{All Users}'',
[LoginName] = ''{All Users}'',
[Role] = roleprinc.[name],
[PermissionType] = perm.[permission_name],
[PermissionState] = perm.[state_desc],
[ObjectType] = CASE perm.[class]
WHEN 1 THEN obj.[type_desc] -- Schema-contained objects
ELSE perm.[class_desc] -- Higher-level objects
END,
[Schema] = objschem.[name],
[ObjectName] = CASE perm.[class]
WHEN 3 THEN permschem.[name] -- Schemas
WHEN 4 THEN imp.[name] -- Impersonations
ELSE OBJECT_NAME(perm.[major_id]) -- General objects
END,
[ColumnName] = col.[name]
FROM
--Roles
sys.database_principals AS roleprinc
--Role permissions
LEFT JOIN sys.database_permissions AS perm ON perm.[grantee_principal_id] = roleprinc.[principal_id]
LEFT JOIN sys.schemas AS permschem ON permschem.[schema_id] = perm.[major_id]
--All objects
JOIN sys.objects AS obj ON obj.[object_id] = perm.[major_id]
LEFT JOIN sys.schemas AS objschem ON objschem.[schema_id] = obj.[schema_id]
--Table columns
LEFT JOIN sys.columns AS col ON col.[object_id] = perm.[major_id]
AND col.[column_id] = perm.[minor_id]
--Impersonations
LEFT JOIN sys.database_principals AS imp ON imp.[principal_id] = perm.[major_id]
WHERE
roleprinc.[type] = ''R''
AND roleprinc.[name] = ''public''
AND obj.[is_ms_shipped] = 0
ORDER BY
[UserType],
[DatabaseUserName],
[LoginName],
[Role],
[Schema],
[ObjectName],
[ColumnName],
[PermissionType],
[PermissionState],
[ObjectType]
'
exec sp_executesql @statement
FETCH NEXT FROM db_cursor INTO @dbname
END
CLOSE db_cursor
DEALLOCATE db_cursor
这个帖子极大地帮助了我，谢谢大家!
不幸的是，由于声誉不够，我无法评论Sean Rose的帖子，但是我不得不修改脚本的“公共”角色部分，因为它没有显示针对sys.objects的(INNER) JOIN权限。在它被更改为LEFT JOIN之后，我不得不进一步修改where子句逻辑以省略系统对象。我对公众烫发的修改查询如下。
--3) List all access provisioned to the public role, which everyone gets by default
SELECT
@@servername ServerName
, db_name() DatabaseName
, [UserType] = '{All Users}',
[DatabaseUserName] = '{All Users}',
[LoginName] = '{All Users}',
[Role] = roleprinc.[name],
[PermissionType] = perm.[permission_name],
[PermissionState] = perm.[state_desc],
[ObjectType] = CASE perm.[class]
WHEN 1 THEN obj.[type_desc] -- Schema-contained objects
ELSE perm.[class_desc] -- Higher-level objects
END,
[Schema] = objschem.[name],
[ObjectName] = CASE perm.[class]
WHEN 3 THEN permschem.[name] -- Schemas
WHEN 4 THEN imp.[name] -- Impersonations
ELSE OBJECT_NAME(perm.[major_id]) -- General objects
END,
[ColumnName] = col.[name]
FROM
--Roles
sys.database_principals AS roleprinc
--Role permissions
LEFT JOIN sys.database_permissions AS perm ON perm.[grantee_principal_id] = roleprinc.[principal_id]
LEFT JOIN sys.schemas AS permschem ON permschem.[schema_id] = perm.[major_id]
--All objects
LEFT JOIN sys.objects AS obj ON obj.[object_id] = perm.[major_id]
LEFT JOIN sys.schemas AS objschem ON objschem.[schema_id] = obj.[schema_id]
--Table columns
LEFT JOIN sys.columns AS col ON col.[object_id] = perm.[major_id]
AND col.[column_id] = perm.[minor_id]
--Impersonations
LEFT JOIN sys.database_principals AS imp ON imp.[principal_id] = perm.[major_id]
WHERE
roleprinc.[type] = 'R'
AND roleprinc.[name] = 'public'
AND isnull(obj.[is_ms_shipped], 0) = 0
AND isnull(object_schema_name(perm.[major_id]), '') <> 'sys'
ORDER BY
[UserType],
[DatabaseUserName],
[LoginName],
[Role],
[Schema],
[ObjectName],
[ColumnName],
[PermissionType],
[PermissionState],
[ObjectType]
以下是我的版本，改编自他人。我刚刚花了30分钟来回忆我是怎么想到这个的，@杰里米的回答似乎是我的核心灵感。我不想更新杰里米的答案，以防我引入错误，所以我在这里发布了我的版本。
我建议将完整脚本与Kenneth Fisher的《T-SQL Tuesday:特定用户拥有什么权限?》:这将允许你自底向上回答合规/审计问题，而不是自顶向下。
EXECUTE AS LOGIN = '<loginname>'
SELECT token.name AS GroupNames
FROM sys.login_token token
JOIN sys.server_principals grp
ON token.sid = grp.sid
WHERE token.[type] = 'WINDOWS GROUP'
AND grp.[type] = 'G'
REVERT
To understand what this covers, consider Contoso\DB_AdventureWorks_Accounting Windows AD Group with member Contoso\John.Doe. John.Doe authenticates to AdventureWorks via server_principal Contoso\DB_AdventureWorks_Logins Windows AD Group. If someone asks you, "What permissions does John.Doe have?", you cannot answer that question with just the below script. You need to then iterate through each row returned by the below script and join it to the above script. (You may also need to normalize for stale name values via looking up the SID in your Active Directory provider.)
下面是脚本，没有包含这种反向查找逻辑。
/*
--Script source found at : http://stackoverflow.com/a/7059579/1387418
Security Audit Report
1) List all access provisioned to a sql user or windows user/group directly
2) List all access provisioned to a sql user or windows user/group through a database or application role
3) List all access provisioned to the public role
Columns Returned:
UserName : SQL or Windows/Active Directory user account. This could also be an Active Directory group.
UserType : Value will be either 'SQL User' or 'Windows User'. This reflects the type of user defined for the
SQL Server user account.
PrinciaplUserName: if UserName is not blank, then UserName else DatabaseUserName
PrincipalType : Possible values are 'SQL User', 'Windows User', 'Database Role', 'Windows Group'
DatabaseUserName : Name of the associated user as defined in the database user account. The database user may not be the
same as the server user.
Role : The role name. This will be null if the associated permissions to the object are defined at directly
on the user account, otherwise this will be the name of the role that the user is a member of.
PermissionType : Type of permissions the user/role has on an object. Examples could include CONNECT, EXECUTE, SELECT
DELETE, INSERT, ALTER, CONTROL, TAKE OWNERSHIP, VIEW DEFINITION, etc.
This value may not be populated for all roles. Some built in roles have implicit permission
definitions.
PermissionState : Reflects the state of the permission type, examples could include GRANT, DENY, etc.
This value may not be populated for all roles. Some built in roles have implicit permission
definitions.
ObjectType : Type of object the user/role is assigned permissions on. Examples could include USER_TABLE,
SQL_SCALAR_FUNCTION, SQL_INLINE_TABLE_VALUED_FUNCTION, SQL_STORED_PROCEDURE, VIEW, etc.
This value may not be populated for all roles. Some built in roles have implicit permission
definitions.
ObjectName : Name of the object that the user/role is assigned permissions on.
This value may not be populated for all roles. Some built in roles have implicit permission
definitions.
ColumnName : Name of the column of the object that the user/role is assigned permissions on. This value
is only populated if the object is a table, view or a table value function.
*/
DECLARE @HideDatabaseDiagrams BIT = 1;
--List all access provisioned to a sql user or windows user/group directly
SELECT
[UserName] = CASE dbprinc.[type]
WHEN 'S' THEN dbprinc.[name] -- SQL User
WHEN 'U' THEN sprinc.[name] -- Windows User
WHEN 'R' THEN NULL -- Database Role
WHEN 'G' THEN NULL -- Windows Group
ELSE NULL
END,
[UserType] = CASE dbprinc.[type]
WHEN 'S' THEN 'SQL User'
WHEN 'U' THEN 'Windows User'
WHEN 'R' THEN NULL -- Database Role
WHEN 'G' THEN NULL -- Windows Group
ELSE dbprinc.[type]
END,
[PrincipalUserName] = COALESCE(
CASE dbprinc.[type]
WHEN 'S' THEN dbprinc.[name] -- SQL User
WHEN 'U' THEN sprinc.[name] -- Windows User
WHEN 'R' THEN NULL -- Database Role
WHEN 'G' THEN NULL -- Windows Group
ELSE NULL
END,
dbprinc.[name]
),
[PrincipalType] = CASE dbprinc.[type]
WHEN 'S' THEN 'SQL User'
WHEN 'U' THEN 'Windows User'
WHEN 'R' THEN 'Database Role'
WHEN 'G' THEN 'Windows Group'
END,
[DatabaseUserName] = dbprinc.[name],
[Role] = null,
[PermissionType] = perm.[permission_name],
[PermissionState] = perm.[state_desc],
[ObjectType] = obj.[type_desc],--perm.[class_desc],
[ObjectSchema] = OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(perm.major_id),
[ObjectName] = OBJECT_NAME(perm.major_id),
[ColumnName] = col.[name]
FROM
--database user
sys.database_principals dbprinc
LEFT JOIN
--Login accounts
sys.server_principals sprinc on dbprinc.[sid] = sprinc.[sid]
LEFT JOIN
--Permissions
sys.database_permissions perm ON perm.[grantee_principal_id] = dbprinc.[principal_id]
LEFT JOIN
--Table columns
sys.columns col ON col.[object_id] = perm.major_id
AND col.[column_id] = perm.[minor_id]
LEFT JOIN
sys.objects obj ON perm.[major_id] = obj.[object_id]
WHERE
dbprinc.[type] in ('S','U')
AND CASE
WHEN @HideDatabaseDiagrams = 1 AND
dbprinc.[name] = 'guest'
AND (
(
obj.type_desc = 'SQL_SCALAR_FUNCTION'
AND OBJECT_NAME(perm.major_id) = 'fn_diagramobjects'
)
OR (
obj.type_desc = 'SQL_STORED_PROCEDURE'
AND OBJECT_NAME(perm.major_id) IN
(
N'sp_alterdiagram',
N'sp_creatediagram',
N'sp_dropdiagram',
N'sp_helpdiagramdefinition',
N'sp_helpdiagrams',
N'sp_renamediagram'
)
)
)
THEN 0
ELSE 1
END = 1
UNION
--List all access provisioned to a sql user or windows user/group through a database or application role
SELECT
[UserName] = CASE memberprinc.[type]
WHEN 'S' THEN memberprinc.[name]
WHEN 'U' THEN sprinc.[name]
WHEN 'R' THEN NULL -- Database Role
WHEN 'G' THEN NULL -- Windows Group
ELSE NULL
END,
[UserType] = CASE memberprinc.[type]
WHEN 'S' THEN 'SQL User'
WHEN 'U' THEN 'Windows User'
WHEN 'R' THEN NULL -- Database Role
WHEN 'G' THEN NULL -- Windows Group
END,
[PrincipalUserName] = COALESCE(
CASE memberprinc.[type]
WHEN 'S' THEN memberprinc.[name]
WHEN 'U' THEN sprinc.[name]
WHEN 'R' THEN NULL -- Database Role
WHEN 'G' THEN NULL -- Windows Group
ELSE NULL
END,
memberprinc.[name]
),
[PrincipalType] = CASE memberprinc.[type]
WHEN 'S' THEN 'SQL User'
WHEN 'U' THEN 'Windows User'
WHEN 'R' THEN 'Database Role'
WHEN 'G' THEN 'Windows Group'
END,
[DatabaseUserName] = memberprinc.[name],
[Role] = roleprinc.[name],
[PermissionType] = perm.[permission_name],
[PermissionState] = perm.[state_desc],
[ObjectType] = obj.type_desc,--perm.[class_desc],
[ObjectSchema] = OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(perm.major_id),
[ObjectName] = OBJECT_NAME(perm.major_id),
[ColumnName] = col.[name]
FROM
--Role/member associations
sys.database_role_members members
JOIN
--Roles
sys.database_principals roleprinc ON roleprinc.[principal_id] = members.[role_principal_id]
JOIN
--Role members (database users)
sys.database_principals memberprinc ON memberprinc.[principal_id] = members.[member_principal_id]
LEFT JOIN
--Login accounts
sys.server_principals sprinc on memberprinc.[sid] = sprinc.[sid]
LEFT JOIN
--Permissions
sys.database_permissions perm ON perm.[grantee_principal_id] = roleprinc.[principal_id]
LEFT JOIN
--Table columns
sys.columns col on col.[object_id] = perm.major_id
AND col.[column_id] = perm.[minor_id]
LEFT JOIN
sys.objects obj ON perm.[major_id] = obj.[object_id]
WHERE
CASE
WHEN @HideDatabaseDiagrams = 1 AND
memberprinc.[name] = 'guest'
AND (
(
obj.type_desc = 'SQL_SCALAR_FUNCTION'
AND OBJECT_NAME(perm.major_id) = 'fn_diagramobjects'
)
OR (
obj.type_desc = 'SQL_STORED_PROCEDURE'
AND OBJECT_NAME(perm.major_id) IN
(
N'sp_alterdiagram',
N'sp_creatediagram',
N'sp_dropdiagram',
N'sp_helpdiagramdefinition',
N'sp_helpdiagrams',
N'sp_renamediagram'
)
)
)
THEN 0
ELSE 1
END = 1
UNION
--List all access provisioned to the public role, which everyone gets by default
SELECT
[UserName] = '{All Users}',
[UserType] = '{All Users}',
[PrincipalUserName] = '{All Users}',
[PrincipalType] = '{All Users}',
[DatabaseUserName] = '{All Users}',
[Role] = roleprinc.[name],
[PermissionType] = perm.[permission_name],
[PermissionState] = perm.[state_desc],
[ObjectType] = obj.type_desc,--perm.[class_desc],
[ObjectSchema] = OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(perm.major_id),
[ObjectName] = OBJECT_NAME(perm.major_id),
[ColumnName] = col.[name]
FROM
--Roles
sys.database_principals roleprinc
LEFT JOIN
--Role permissions
sys.database_permissions perm ON perm.[grantee_principal_id] = roleprinc.[principal_id]
LEFT JOIN
--Table columns
sys.columns col on col.[object_id] = perm.major_id
AND col.[column_id] = perm.[minor_id]
JOIN
--All objects
sys.objects obj ON obj.[object_id] = perm.[major_id]
WHERE
--Only roles
roleprinc.[type] = 'R' AND
--Only public role
roleprinc.[name] = 'public' AND
--Only objects of ours, not the MS objects
obj.is_ms_shipped = 0
AND CASE
WHEN @HideDatabaseDiagrams = 1 AND
roleprinc.[name] = 'public'
AND (
(
obj.type_desc = 'SQL_SCALAR_FUNCTION'
AND OBJECT_NAME(perm.major_id) = 'fn_diagramobjects'
)
OR (
obj.type_desc = 'SQL_STORED_PROCEDURE'
AND OBJECT_NAME(perm.major_id) IN
(
N'sp_alterdiagram',
N'sp_creatediagram',
N'sp_dropdiagram',
N'sp_helpdiagramdefinition',
N'sp_helpdiagrams',
N'sp_renamediagram'
)
)
)
THEN 0
ELSE 1
END = 1
ORDER BY
dbprinc.[Name],
OBJECT_NAME(perm.major_id),
col.[name],
perm.[permission_name],
perm.[state_desc],
obj.type_desc--perm.[class_desc]
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