这是运行脚本检查Tensorflow是否工作时收到的消息:
I tensorflow/stream_executor/dso_loader.cc:125] successfully opened CUDA library libcublas.so.8.0 locally
I tensorflow/stream_executor/dso_loader.cc:125] successfully opened CUDA library libcudnn.so.5 locally
I tensorflow/stream_executor/dso_loader.cc:125] successfully opened CUDA library libcufft.so.8.0 locally
I tensorflow/stream_executor/dso_loader.cc:125] successfully opened CUDA library libcuda.so.1 locally
I tensorflow/stream_executor/dso_loader.cc:125] successfully opened CUDA library libcurand.so.8.0 locally
W tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:95] The TensorFlow library wasn't compiled to use SSE4.2 instructions, but these are available on your machine and could speed up CPU computations.
W tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:95] The TensorFlow library wasn't compiled to use AVX instructions, but these are available on your machine and could speed up CPU computations.
I tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/cuda_gpu_executor.cc:910] successful NUMA node read from SysFS had negative value (-1), but there must be at least one NUMA node, so returning NUMA node zero
我注意到它提到了SSE4.2和AVX,
什么是SSE4.2和AVX?
这些SSE4.2和AVX如何提高Tensorflow任务的CPU计算。
如何使用这两个库使Tensorflow编译?
我先回答你的第三个问题:
如果您想在conda-env中运行一个自行编译的版本,可以这样做。这些是我运行的获取tensorflow并将其安装到我的系统上的一般指令。注意:这个版本是AMD A10-7850版本(检查你的CPU支持什么指令…它可能不同)运行Ubuntu 16.04 LTS。我在conda-env中使用Python 3.5。链接到tensorflow源安装页面和上面提供的答案。
git clone https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow
# Install Bazel
# https://bazel.build/versions/master/docs/install.html
sudo apt-get install python3-numpy python3-dev python3-pip python3-wheel
# Create your virtual env with conda.
source activate YOUR_ENV
pip install six numpy wheel, packaging, appdir
# Follow the configure instructions at:
# https://www.tensorflow.org/install/install_sources
# Build your build like below. Note: Check what instructions your CPU
# support. Also. If resources are limited consider adding the following
# tag --local_resources 2048,.5,1.0 . This will limit how much ram many
# local resources are used but will increase time to compile.
bazel build -c opt --copt=-mavx --copt=-msse4.1 --copt=-msse4.2 -k //tensorflow/tools/pip_package:build_pip_package
# Create the wheel like so:
bazel-bin/tensorflow/tools/pip_package/build_pip_package /tmp/tensorflow_pkg
# Inside your conda env:
pip install /tmp/tensorflow_pkg/NAME_OF_WHEEL.whl
# Then install the rest of your stack
pip install keras jupyter etc. etc.
关于第二个问题:
在我看来,一个带有优化的自编译版本是非常值得努力的。在我的设置中,以前需要560-600秒的计算现在只需要300秒!虽然确切的数字会有所不同,但我认为在您的特定设置上,您可以期望大约35-50%的速度提高。
最后你的第一个问题:
上面已经给出了很多答案。总结一下:AVX、SSE4.1、SSE4.2、MFA是X86 cpu上不同种类的扩展指令集。许多都包含处理矩阵或向量运算的优化指令。
我将强调我自己的误解,希望能为您节省一些时间:并不是说SSE4.2是取代SSE4.1的指令的新版本。SSE4 = SSE4.1(一组47条指令)+ SSE4.2(一组7条指令)
在tensorflow编译的上下文中,如果你的计算机支持AVX2和AVX,以及SSE4.1和SSE4.2,你应该把这些优化标志都放进去。不要像我一样,认为SSE4.2更新,应该超越SSE4.1。这显然是错误的!我不得不重新编译,因为这花了我40分钟。
多亏了所有这些回复和一些试验和错误,我成功地将它安装在Mac上。所以分享一下我的解,也许对别人有用。
请遵循文档-从源代码安装TensorFlow的说明
当提示
当bazel选项"——config=opt"被指定时,请指定在编译过程中使用的优化标志[默认值是-march=native]
然后复制粘贴这个字符串:
-mavx -mavx2 -mfma -msse4.2
(默认选项会导致错误,其他一些标志也是如此。我没有得到错误与上述标志。顺便说一句,我回答了n个其他问题)
安装后,我验证了在训练深度模型时,相对于基于默认轮子的另一个安装(在macOS上安装TensorFlow),速度提高了~2倍到2.5倍
希望能有所帮助
我最近从源代码安装了它,下面是从源代码安装它所需的所有步骤,上面提到的说明是可用的。
其他答案已经描述了为什么会显示这些消息。我的回答给出了如何isinstall的一步一步,这可能会帮助那些像我一样在实际安装上挣扎的人。
安装巴泽尔
从它们的可用版本中下载它,例如0.5.2。
解压它,进入目录并配置它:bash ./compile.sh。
将可执行文件拷贝到/usr/local/bin: sudo cp ./output/bazel /usr/local/bin
安装Tensorflow
克隆tensorflow: git克隆https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow.git
进入克隆目录进行配置:./configure
它会提示你几个问题,以下是我对每个问题的建议回答,当然,你可以根据自己的喜好选择回答:
Using python library path: /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages
Do you wish to build TensorFlow with MKL support? [y/N] y
MKL support will be enabled for TensorFlow
Do you wish to download MKL LIB from the web? [Y/n] Y
Please specify optimization flags to use during compilation when bazel option "--config=opt" is specified [Default is -march=native]:
Do you wish to use jemalloc as the malloc implementation? [Y/n] n
jemalloc disabled
Do you wish to build TensorFlow with Google Cloud Platform support? [y/N] N
No Google Cloud Platform support will be enabled for TensorFlow
Do you wish to build TensorFlow with Hadoop File System support? [y/N] N
No Hadoop File System support will be enabled for TensorFlow
Do you wish to build TensorFlow with the XLA just-in-time compiler (experimental)? [y/N] N
No XLA JIT support will be enabled for TensorFlow
Do you wish to build TensorFlow with VERBS support? [y/N] N
No VERBS support will be enabled for TensorFlow
Do you wish to build TensorFlow with OpenCL support? [y/N] N
No OpenCL support will be enabled for TensorFlow
Do you wish to build TensorFlow with CUDA support? [y/N] N
No CUDA support will be enabled for TensorFlow
pip包。为了构建它,你必须描述你想要的指令(你知道,那些Tensorflow通知你的指令是缺失的)。
构建pip脚本:bazel Build -copt——copt=-mavx——copt=-mavx2——copt=-mfma——copt=-mfpmath=both——copt=-msse4.1——copt=-msse4.2 -k //tensorflow/tools/pip_package:build_pip_package
编译pip包:bazzel -bin/tensorflow/tools/pip_package/build_pip_package /tmp/tensorflow_pkg
安装你刚刚构建的Tensorflow pip包:sudo pip Install /tmp/tensorflow_pkg/ Tensorflow -1.2.1-cp27-cp27mu-linux_x86_64.whl
现在你下次启动Tensorflow时,它不会再抱怨缺少指令了。