只是迟来的堆砌在这里，…

没有标准的解决方案，因为这些语言不知道底层文件系统，所以正如其他人所说，基于目录的文件系统的概念超出了c / c++语言的范围。

on top of that, you want not the current working directory, but the directory the program is running in, which must take into account how the program got to where it is - ie was it spawned as a new process via a fork, etc. To get the directory a program is running in, as the solutions have demonstrated, requires that you get that information from the process control structures of the operating system in question, which is the only authority on this question. Thus, by definition, its an OS specific solution.

对于Win32, GetCurrentDirectory应该做到这一点。

If you fetch the current directory when your program first starts, then you effectively have the directory your program was started from. Store the value in a variable and refer to it later in your program. This is distinct from the directory that holds the current executable program file. It isn't necessarily the same directory; if someone runs the program from a command prompt, then the program is being run from the command prompt's current working directory even though the program file lives elsewhere.

getcwd是一个POSIX函数，所有POSIX兼容平台都支持它。你不需要做任何特殊的事情(除了在Unix上包含正确的头文件unistd.h和在windows上包含direct.h)。

由于您正在创建一个C程序，它将链接到默认的C运行时库，该库由系统中的所有进程链接(避免特别设计的异常)，默认情况下它将包含这个函数。CRT从来不被认为是一个外部库，因为它为操作系统提供了基本的标准兼容接口。

在windows上，getcwd函数已弃用，而支持_getcwd。我觉得你可以这样用。

#include <stdio.h>  /* defines FILENAME_MAX */
#ifdef WINDOWS
    #include <direct.h>
    #define GetCurrentDir _getcwd
#else
    #include <unistd.h>
    #define GetCurrentDir getcwd
 #endif

 char cCurrentPath[FILENAME_MAX];

 if (!GetCurrentDir(cCurrentPath, sizeof(cCurrentPath)))
     {
     return errno;
     }

cCurrentPath[sizeof(cCurrentPath) - 1] = '\0'; /* not really required */

printf ("The current working directory is %s", cCurrentPath);

文件系统TS现在是一个标准(gcc 5.3+和clang 3.9+都支持)，所以你可以使用它的current_path()函数:

std::string path = std::experimental::filesystem::current_path();

在gcc(5.3+)包含文件系统，你需要使用:

#include <experimental/filesystem>

用-lstdc++fs标记链接你的代码。

如果你想在Microsoft Visual Studio中使用文件系统，请阅读本文。

只是迟来的堆砌在这里，…

没有标准的解决方案，因为这些语言不知道底层文件系统，所以正如其他人所说，基于目录的文件系统的概念超出了c / c++语言的范围。

on top of that, you want not the current working directory, but the directory the program is running in, which must take into account how the program got to where it is - ie was it spawned as a new process via a fork, etc. To get the directory a program is running in, as the solutions have demonstrated, requires that you get that information from the process control structures of the operating system in question, which is the only authority on this question. Thus, by definition, its an OS specific solution.

只是我的两美分，但下面的代码在c++ 17中不能移植吗?

#include <iostream>
#include <filesystem>
namespace fs = std::filesystem;

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    std::cout << "Path is " << fs::path(argv[0]).parent_path() << '\n';
}

至少在Linux上对我有用。

根据前面的想法，我现在有:

std::filesystem::path prepend_exe_path(const std::string& filename, const std::string& exe_path = "");

与实现:

fs::path prepend_exe_path(const std::string& filename, const std::string& exe_path)
{
    static auto exe_parent_path = fs::path(exe_path).parent_path();
    return exe_parent_path / filename;
}

main()中的初始化技巧:

(void) prepend_exe_path("", argv[0]);

感谢@Sam Redway的argv[0]想法。当然，我知道当OP提出这个问题时，c++ 17还没有出现很多年。