实现这一目标的简便方法是:

df.groupby('a').agg({'b':lambda x: list(x)})

考虑编写自定义聚合:https://www.kaggle.com/akshaysehgal/how-to-group-by-aggregate-using-py

只是一个补充。熊猫。数据透视表更通用，似乎更方便:

"""data"""
df = pd.DataFrame( {'a':['A','A','B','B','B','C'],
                    'b':[1,2,5,5,4,6],
                    'c':[1,2,1,1,1,6]})
print(df)

   a  b  c
0  A  1  1
1  A  2  2
2  B  5  1
3  B  5  1
4  B  4  1
5  C  6  6

"""pivot_table"""
pt = pd.pivot_table(df,
                    values=['b', 'c'],
                    index='a',
                    aggfunc={'b': list,
                             'c': set})
print(pt)
           b       c
a                   
A     [1, 2]  {1, 2}
B  [5, 5, 4]     {1}
C        [6]     {6}

基于@B。M的答案，这里是一个更通用的版本，并更新为与更新的库版本一起工作:(numpy版本1.19.2,pandas版本1.2.1) 这个解决方案也可以处理多指标:

然而，这并没有经过严格的测试，请谨慎使用。

如果性能是重要的，下降到numpy级别:

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

np.random.seed(0)
df = pd.DataFrame({'a': np.random.randint(0, 10, 90), 'b': [1,2,3]*30, 'c':list('abcefghij')*10, 'd': list('hij')*30})


def f_multi(df,col_names):
    if not isinstance(col_names,list):
        col_names = [col_names]
        
    values = df.sort_values(col_names).values.T

    col_idcs = [df.columns.get_loc(cn) for cn in col_names]
    other_col_names = [name for idx, name in enumerate(df.columns) if idx not in col_idcs]
    other_col_idcs = [df.columns.get_loc(cn) for cn in other_col_names]

    # split df into indexing colums(=keys) and data colums(=vals)
    keys = values[col_idcs,:]
    vals = values[other_col_idcs,:]
    
    # list of tuple of key pairs
    multikeys = list(zip(*keys))
    
    # remember unique key pairs and ther indices
    ukeys, index = np.unique(multikeys, return_index=True, axis=0)
    
    # split data columns according to those indices
    arrays = np.split(vals, index[1:], axis=1)

    # resulting list of subarrays has same number of subarrays as unique key pairs
    # each subarray has the following shape:
    #    rows = number of non-grouped data columns
    #    cols = number of data points grouped into that unique key pair
    
    # prepare multi index
    idx = pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays(ukeys.T, names=col_names) 

    list_agg_vals = dict()
    for tup in zip(*arrays, other_col_names):
        col_vals = tup[:-1] # first entries are the subarrays from above 
        col_name = tup[-1]  # last entry is data-column name
        
        list_agg_vals[col_name] = col_vals

    df2 = pd.DataFrame(data=list_agg_vals, index=idx)
    return df2

测试:

In [227]: %timeit f_multi(df, ['a','d'])

2.54 ms ± 64.7 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)

In [228]: %timeit df.groupby(['a','d']).agg(list)

4.56 ms ± 61.5 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)

结果:

对于随机种子0，将得到:

只是把之前的答案加起来，在我的情况下，我想要列表和其他函数，如min和max。这样做的方法是:

df = pd.DataFrame({
    'a':['A','A','B','B','B','C'], 
    'b':[1,2,5,5,4,6]
})

df=df.groupby('a').agg({
    'b':['min', 'max',lambda x: list(x)]
})

#then flattening and renaming if necessary
df.columns = df.columns.to_flat_index()
df.rename(columns={('b', 'min'): 'b_min', ('b', 'max'): 'b_max', ('b', '<lambda_0>'): 'b_list'},inplace=True)

如果性能是重要的，下降到numpy级别:

import numpy as np

df = pd.DataFrame({'a': np.random.randint(0, 60, 600), 'b': [1, 2, 5, 5, 4, 6]*100})

def f(df):
         keys, values = df.sort_values('a').values.T
         ukeys, index = np.unique(keys, True)
         arrays = np.split(values, index[1:])
         df2 = pd.DataFrame({'a':ukeys, 'b':[list(a) for a in arrays]})
         return df2

测试:

In [301]: %timeit f(df)
1000 loops, best of 3: 1.64 ms per loop

In [302]: %timeit df.groupby('a')['b'].apply(list)
100 loops, best of 3: 5.26 ms per loop

是时候使用agg而不是apply了。

When

df = pd.DataFrame( {'a':['A','A','B','B','B','C'], 'b':[1,2,5,5,4,6], 'c': [1,2,5,5,4,6]})

如果你想让多个列堆叠到列表中，结果是pd。DataFrame

df.groupby('a')[['b', 'c']].agg(list)
# or 
df.groupby('a').agg(list)

如果你想在列表中单列，结果在ps.Series

df.groupby('a')['b'].agg(list)
#or
df.groupby('a')['b'].apply(list)

注意，结果为pd。当你只聚合单列时，DataFrame大约比ps.Series中的结果慢10倍，在多列情况下使用它。