只是把之前的答案加起来，在我的情况下，我想要列表和其他函数，如min和max。这样做的方法是:

df = pd.DataFrame({
    'a':['A','A','B','B','B','C'], 
    'b':[1,2,5,5,4,6]
})

df=df.groupby('a').agg({
    'b':['min', 'max',lambda x: list(x)]
})

#then flattening and renaming if necessary
df.columns = df.columns.to_flat_index()
df.rename(columns={('b', 'min'): 'b_min', ('b', 'max'): 'b_max', ('b', '<lambda_0>'): 'b_list'},inplace=True)

基于@B。M的答案，这里是一个更通用的版本，并更新为与更新的库版本一起工作:(numpy版本1.19.2,pandas版本1.2.1) 这个解决方案也可以处理多指标:

然而，这并没有经过严格的测试，请谨慎使用。

如果性能是重要的，下降到numpy级别:

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

np.random.seed(0)
df = pd.DataFrame({'a': np.random.randint(0, 10, 90), 'b': [1,2,3]*30, 'c':list('abcefghij')*10, 'd': list('hij')*30})


def f_multi(df,col_names):
    if not isinstance(col_names,list):
        col_names = [col_names]
        
    values = df.sort_values(col_names).values.T

    col_idcs = [df.columns.get_loc(cn) for cn in col_names]
    other_col_names = [name for idx, name in enumerate(df.columns) if idx not in col_idcs]
    other_col_idcs = [df.columns.get_loc(cn) for cn in other_col_names]

    # split df into indexing colums(=keys) and data colums(=vals)
    keys = values[col_idcs,:]
    vals = values[other_col_idcs,:]
    
    # list of tuple of key pairs
    multikeys = list(zip(*keys))
    
    # remember unique key pairs and ther indices
    ukeys, index = np.unique(multikeys, return_index=True, axis=0)
    
    # split data columns according to those indices
    arrays = np.split(vals, index[1:], axis=1)

    # resulting list of subarrays has same number of subarrays as unique key pairs
    # each subarray has the following shape:
    #    rows = number of non-grouped data columns
    #    cols = number of data points grouped into that unique key pair
    
    # prepare multi index
    idx = pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays(ukeys.T, names=col_names) 

    list_agg_vals = dict()
    for tup in zip(*arrays, other_col_names):
        col_vals = tup[:-1] # first entries are the subarrays from above 
        col_name = tup[-1]  # last entry is data-column name
        
        list_agg_vals[col_name] = col_vals

    df2 = pd.DataFrame(data=list_agg_vals, index=idx)
    return df2

测试:

In [227]: %timeit f_multi(df, ['a','d'])

2.54 ms ± 64.7 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)

In [228]: %timeit df.groupby(['a','d']).agg(list)

4.56 ms ± 61.5 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)

结果:

对于随机种子0，将得到:

这里我用“|”作为分隔符对元素进行分组

    import pandas as pd

    df = pd.read_csv('input.csv')

    df
    Out[1]:
      Area  Keywords
    0  A  1
    1  A  2
    2  B  5
    3  B  5
    4  B  4
    5  C  6

    df.dropna(inplace =  True)
    df['Area']=df['Area'].apply(lambda x:x.lower().strip())
    print df.columns
    df_op = df.groupby('Area').agg({"Keywords":lambda x : "|".join(x)})

    df_op.to_csv('output.csv')
    Out[2]:
    df_op
    Area  Keywords

    A       [1| 2]
    B    [5| 5| 4]
    C          [6]

我发现的实现同样的事情的最简单的方法(至少对于一列)与Anamika的答案类似，只是使用了聚合函数的tuple语法。

df.groupby('a').agg(b=('b','unique'), c=('c','unique'))

就像你说的pd的groupby方法。DataFrame对象可以做这项工作。

例子

 L = ['A','A','B','B','B','C']
 N = [1,2,5,5,4,6]

 import pandas as pd
 df = pd.DataFrame(zip(L,N),columns = list('LN'))


 groups = df.groupby(df.L)

 groups.groups
      {'A': [0, 1], 'B': [2, 3, 4], 'C': [5]}

它给出了组的索引级描述。

例如，要获取单个组的元素，您可以这样做

 groups.get_group('A')

     L  N
  0  A  1
  1  A  2

  groups.get_group('B')

     L  N
  2  B  5
  3  B  5
  4  B  4

实现这一目标的简便方法是:

df.groupby('a').agg({'b':lambda x: list(x)})

考虑编写自定义聚合:https://www.kaggle.com/akshaysehgal/how-to-group-by-aggregate-using-py