存根是向SUT返回值的测试double。

模拟是测试用于验证SUT正确调用依赖项的双重测试。

而且，mock通常是存根

模拟:帮助模拟和检查结果交互。这些交互 SUT调用它的依赖项来改变它们的状态。

存根:帮助模拟传入的交互。这些相互作用称为 SUT对其依赖项进行处理以获取输入数据。

来源:单元测试原则、实践和模式- Manning

Mock只是测试行为，确保调用了特定的方法。 Stub是特定对象的可测试版本(本质上)。

你说的苹果方式是什么意思?

他使用的通用术语是测试替身(想想特技替身)。Test Double是一个通用术语，用于为测试目的替换生产对象的任何情况。杰拉德列出了各种各样的替身:

Dummy objects are passed around but never actually used. Usually they are just used to fill parameter lists. Fake objects actually have working implementations, but usually take some shortcut which makes them not suitable for production (an InMemoryTestDatabase is a good example). Stubs provide canned answers to calls made during the test, usually not responding at all to anything outside what's programmed in for the test. Spies are stubs that also record some information based on how they were called. One form of this might be an email service that records how many messages it was sent(also called Partial Mock). Mocks are pre-programmed with expectations which form a specification of the calls they are expected to receive. They can throw an exception if they receive a call they don't expect and are checked during verification to ensure they got all the calls they were expecting.

源

如果你把它比作调试:

Stub类似于确保一个方法返回正确的值 Mock实际上就像进入方法，在返回正确值之前确保里面的所有内容都是正确的。

从论文模拟角色，而不是对象，由jMock的开发人员:

存根是返回罐装的产品代码的虚拟实现 结果。Mock对象充当存根，但也包括到的断言 测量目标对象与其邻居的交互作用。

所以，主要的区别是:

在存根上设置的期望通常是通用的，而在mock上设置的期望可能更“聪明”(例如，在第一次调用时返回this，在第二次调用时返回this等)。 存根主要用于设置SUT的间接输入，而mock可用于测试SUT的间接输入和间接输出。

综上所述，同时也试图驱散福勒文章标题中的困惑:mock是存根，但它们不仅仅是存根。