Stubs vs. Mocks Stubs provide specific answers to methods calls ex: myStubbedService.getValues() just return a String needed by the code under test used by code under test to isolate it cannot fail test ex: myStubbedService.getValues() just returns the stubbed value often implement abstract methods Mocks "superset" of stubs; can assert that certain methods are called ex: verify that myMockedService.getValues() is called only once used to test behaviour of code under test can fail test ex: verify that myMockedService.getValues() was called once; verification fails, because myMockedService.getValues() was not called by my tested code often mocks interfaces

以下是我的理解……

如果您在本地创建测试对象并将其提供给本地服务，则使用的是模拟对象。 这将为您在本地服务中实现的方法提供测试。 它用于验证行为 当您从真正的服务提供者获得测试数据时(尽管是从接口的测试版本获得对象的测试版本)，您是在使用存根 存根可以有逻辑来接受特定的输入并给出相应的输出来帮助您执行状态验证…

有很多很棒的答案，我喜欢这个，所以我把它做成了一个表格。

看了上面所有的解释，让我试着总结一下:

Stub:让测试运行的一段虚拟代码，但您并不关心它会发生什么。替代实际工作代码。 Mock:在测试中验证是否正确调用的一段虚拟代码。替代实际工作代码。 间谍:一段虚拟代码，用于拦截和验证对实际工作代码的某些调用，从而避免替换所有实际代码。

前言

有几个对象的定义是不真实的。一般的术语是双重测试。这个术语包括:dummy, fake, stub, mock。

参考

根据Martin Fowler的文章:

Dummy objects are passed around but never actually used. Usually they are just used to fill parameter lists. Fake objects actually have working implementations, but usually take some shortcut which makes them not suitable for production (an in memory database is a good example). Stubs provide canned answers to calls made during the test, usually not responding at all to anything outside what's programmed in for the test. Stubs may also record information about calls, such as an email gateway stub that remembers the messages it 'sent', or maybe only how many messages it 'sent'. Mocks are what we are talking about here: objects pre-programmed with expectations which form a specification of the calls they are expected to receive.

风格

模拟vs存根=行为测试vs状态测试

原则

根据每个测试只测试一件事的原则，一个测试中可能有几个存根，但一般只有一个mock。

生命周期

使用存根测试生命周期:

准备正在测试的对象和它的存根合作者。 锻炼——测试功能。 验证状态——使用断言来检查对象的状态。 Teardown -清理资源。

使用mock测试生命周期:

设置数据-准备正在测试的对象。 设置期望-在mock中准备主对象使用的期望。 锻炼——测试功能。 验证期望——验证在mock中调用了正确的方法。 验证状态——使用断言来检查对象的状态。 Teardown -清理资源。

总结

模拟测试和存根测试都给出了这个问题的答案:结果是什么?

使用模拟进行测试也感兴趣:结果是如何实现的?

测试双打:

Fake: Fakes are objects that have working implementations, but not the same as production one. Such as: in-memory implementation of Data Access Object or Repository. Stub: Stub is an object that holds predefined data and uses it to answer calls during tests. Such as: an object that needs to grab some data from the database to respond to a method call. Mocks: Mocks are objects that register calls they receive. In test assertion, we can verify on Mocks that all expected actions were performed. Such as: a functionality that calls e-mail sending service. for more just check this.