存根是一个空函数，用于在测试期间避免未处理的异常:

function foo(){}

mock是一个人为的函数，用于避免在测试期间对操作系统、环境或硬件的依赖:

function foo(bar){ window = this; return window.toString(bar); }

在断言和状态方面:

在事件或状态更改之前断言模拟 存根不被断言，它们在事件之前提供状态，以避免执行来自不相关单元的代码 间谍就像存根一样被设置，然后在事件或状态改变后被断言 假的是不断言的，他们运行后的事件硬编码的依赖，以避免状态

参考文献

极客词汇:Mock 极客词汇:存根 极客术语:间谍 测试替身:假的，模拟和存根

他使用的通用术语是测试替身(想想特技替身)。Test Double是一个通用术语，用于为测试目的替换生产对象的任何情况。杰拉德列出了各种各样的替身:

Dummy objects are passed around but never actually used. Usually they are just used to fill parameter lists. Fake objects actually have working implementations, but usually take some shortcut which makes them not suitable for production (an InMemoryTestDatabase is a good example). Stubs provide canned answers to calls made during the test, usually not responding at all to anything outside what's programmed in for the test. Spies are stubs that also record some information based on how they were called. One form of this might be an email service that records how many messages it was sent(also called Partial Mock). Mocks are pre-programmed with expectations which form a specification of the calls they are expected to receive. They can throw an exception if they receive a call they don't expect and are checked during verification to ensure they got all the calls they were expecting.

源

下面是对每一个的描述，然后是真实世界的样本。

Dummy - just bogus values to satisfy the API. Example: If you're testing a method of a class which requires many mandatory parameters in a constructor which have no effect on your test, then you may create dummy objects for the purpose of creating new instances of a class. Fake - create a test implementation of a class which may have a dependency on some external infrastructure. (It's good practice that your unit test does NOT actually interact with external infrastructure.) Example: Create fake implementation for accessing a database, replace it with in-memory collection. Stub - override methods to return hard-coded values, also referred to as state-based. Example: Your test class depends on a method Calculate() taking 5 minutes to complete. Rather than wait for 5 minutes you can replace its real implementation with stub that returns hard-coded values; taking only a small fraction of the time. Mock - very similar to Stub but interaction-based rather than state-based. This means you don't expect from Mock to return some value, but to assume that specific order of method calls are made. Example: You're testing a user registration class. After calling Save, it should call SendConfirmationEmail.

存根和Mock实际上是Mock的子类型，两者都交换了实际实现和测试实现，但出于不同的、特定的原因。

Mock只是测试行为，确保调用了特定的方法。 Stub是特定对象的可测试版本(本质上)。

你说的苹果方式是什么意思?

存根是向SUT返回值的测试double。

模拟是测试用于验证SUT正确调用依赖项的双重测试。

而且，mock通常是存根

Stub是实现组件接口的对象，但是Stub可以配置为返回适合测试的值，而不是返回调用时组件将返回的值。使用存根，单元测试可以测试一个单元是否可以处理来自合作者的各种返回值。在单元测试中使用存根而不是真正的合作者可以这样表示:

单元测试——>存根

单元测试——>单元——>存根

单元测试对结果和单元状态进行断言

首先，单元测试创建存根并配置其返回值。然后单元测试创建单元并在其上设置存根。现在，单元测试调用单元，而单元又调用存根。最后，单元测试对单元上的方法调用的结果进行断言。

A Mock is like a stub, only it also has methods that make it possible determine what methods where called on the Mock. Using a mock it is thus possible to both test if the unit can handle various return values correctly, and also if the unit uses the collaborator correctly. For instance, you cannot see by the value returned from a dao object whether the data was read from the database using a Statement or a PreparedStatement. Nor can you see if the connection.close() method was called before returning the value. This is possible with mocks. In other words, mocks makes it possible to test a units complete interaction with a collaborator. Not just the collaborator methods that return values used by the unit. Using a mock in a unit test could be expressed like this:

单元测试——>模拟

单元测试—>单元—>模拟

单元测试对单元的结果和状态进行断言

单元测试断言在mock上调用的方法

>>这里