上面有很多有效的答案，但我认为值得一提的是这个表格鲍勃叔叔: https://8thlight.com/blog/uncle-bob/2014/05/14/TheLittleMocker.html

最好的例子解释!

在codeschool.com的课程《Rails僵尸测试》中，他们给出了这些术语的定义:

Stub

用于将方法替换为返回指定结果的代码。

Mock

带有调用方法的断言的存根。

因此，正如Sean Copenhaver在他的回答中所描述的那样，不同之处在于mock设置了期望(即做出断言，关于是否或如何调用它们)。

A fake is a generic term that can be used to describe either a stub or a mock object (handwritten or otherwise), because they both look like the real object. Whether a fake is a stub or a mock depends on how it’s used in the current test. If it’s used to check an interaction (asserted against), it’s a mock object. Otherwise, it’s a stub. Fakes makes sure test runs smoothly. It means that reader of your future test will understand what will be the behavior of the fake object, without needing to read its source code (without needing to depend on external resource). What does test run smoothly mean? Forexample in below code: public void Analyze(string filename) { if(filename.Length<8) { try { errorService.LogError("long file entered named:" + filename); } catch (Exception e) { mailService.SendEMail("admin@hotmail.com", "ErrorOnWebService", "someerror"); } } } You want to test mailService.SendEMail() method, to do that you need to simulate an Exception in you test method, so you just need to create a Fake Stub errorService class to simulate that result, then your test code will be able to test mailService.SendEMail() method. As you see you need to simulate a result which is from an another External Dependency ErrorService class.

如果你把它比作调试:

Stub类似于确保一个方法返回正确的值 Mock实际上就像进入方法，在返回正确值之前确保里面的所有内容都是正确的。

存根和模拟都覆盖外部依赖项，但区别在于

stub ->用于测试数据

mock ->用于测试行为

不测试任何东西(只是用空方法覆盖功能，例如替换Logger以避免在测试时记录任何噪音)

模拟:帮助模拟和检查结果交互。这些交互 SUT调用它的依赖项来改变它们的状态。

存根:帮助模拟传入的交互。这些相互作用称为 SUT对其依赖项进行处理以获取输入数据。

来源:单元测试原则、实践和模式- Manning