据我所知,我可以像这样为单个元素使用refs:
const { useRef, useState, useEffect } = React;
const App = () => {
const elRef = useRef();
const [elWidth, setElWidth] = useState();
useEffect(() => {
setElWidth(elRef.current.offsetWidth);
}, []);
return (
<div>
<div ref={elRef} style={{ width: "100px" }}>
Width is: {elWidth}
</div>
</div>
);
};
ReactDOM.render(
<App />,
document.getElementById("root")
);
<script src="https://unpkg.com/react@16/umd/react.production.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/react-dom@16/umd/react-dom.production.min.js"></script>
<div id="root"></div>
我如何实现这个元素数组?显然不是这样的:(我知道,即使我没有尝试:)
const { useRef, useState, useEffect } = React;
const App = () => {
const elRef = useRef();
const [elWidth, setElWidth] = useState();
useEffect(() => {
setElWidth(elRef.current.offsetWidth);
}, []);
return (
<div>
{[1, 2, 3].map(el => (
<div ref={elRef} style={{ width: `${el * 100}px` }}>
Width is: {elWidth}
</div>
))}
</div>
);
};
ReactDOM.render(
<App />,
document.getElementById("root")
);
<script src="https://unpkg.com/react@16/umd/react.production.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/react-dom@16/umd/react-dom.production.min.js"></script>
<div id="root"></div>
我见过这个,所以才会这样。但是,我仍然不知道如何在这个简单的案例中实现这个建议。
以上所有其他选项都依赖于数组,但这使得事情非常脆弱,因为元素可能会重新排序,然后我们就不跟踪ref属于哪个元素了。
React使用键道具来跟踪项目。因此,如果你按键存储你的引用,就不会有任何问题:
const useRefs = () => {
const refs = useRef<Record<string,HTMLElement | null>>({})
const setRefFromKey = (key: string) => (element: HTMLElement | null) => {
refs.current[key] = element;
}
return {refs: refs.current, setRefFromKey};
}
const Comp = ({ items }) => {
const {refs, setRefFromKey} = useRefs()
const refsArr = Object.values(refs) // your array of refs here
return (
<div>
{items.map(item => (
<div key={item.id} ref={setRefFromKey(item.id)}/>
)}
</div>
)
}
请注意,React在卸载一个项目时,将使用null调用所提供的函数,该函数将在对象中将匹配的键项设置为null,因此所有内容都将是最新的。
我们可以使用数组ref来记住ref列表:
import { RefObject, useRef } from 'react';
type RefObjects<T> = RefObject<T>[];
function convertLengthToRefs<T>(
length: number,
initialValue: T | null,
): RefObjects<T> {
return Array.from(new Array(length)).map<RefObject<T>>(() => ({
current: initialValue,
}));
}
export function useRefs<T>(length: number, initialValue: T | null = null) {
const refs = useRef<RefObjects<T>>(convertLengthToRefs(length, initialValue));
return refs.current;
}
这是一个演示:
const dataList = [1, 2, 3, 4];
const Component: React.FC = () => {
const refs = useRefs<HTMLLIElement>(dataList.length, null);
useEffect(() => {
refs.forEach((item) => {
console.log(item.current?.getBoundingClientRect());
});
}, []);
return (
<ul>
{dataList.map((item, index) => (
<li key={item} ref={refs[index]}>
{item}
</li>
))}
</ul>
);
};
您可以使用数组(或对象)来跟踪所有的引用,并使用方法向数组添加ref。
注意:如果你添加和删除引用,你必须在每个渲染周期清空数组。
import React, { useRef } from "react";
const MyComponent = () => {
// intialize as en empty array
const refs = useRefs([]); // or an {}
// Make it empty at every render cycle as we will get the full list of it at the end of the render cycle
refs.current = []; // or an {}
// since it is an array we need to method to add the refs
const addToRefs = el => {
if (el && !refs.current.includes(el)) {
refs.current.push(el);
}
};
return (
<div className="App">
{[1,2,3,4].map(val => (
<div key={val} ref={addToRefs}>
{val}
</div>
))}
</div>
);
}
工作示例
https://codesandbox.io/s/serene-hermann-kqpsu
通过将子元素移动到单独的组件中,可以避免数组引用与useEffect结合带来的复杂性。这还有其他优点,主要是可读性强,易于维护。
const { useRef, useState, useEffect } = React;
const ListComponent = ({ el }) => {
const elRef = useRef();
const [elWidth, setElWidth] = useState();
useEffect(() => {
setElWidth(elRef.current.offsetWidth);
}, []);
return (
<div ref={elRef} style={{ width: `${el * 100}px` }}>
Width is: {elWidth}
</div>
);
};
const App = () => {
return (
<div>
{[1, 2, 3].map((el, i) => (
<ListComponent key={i} el={el} />
))}
</div>
);
};
ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.getElementById('root'));