假设您的数组包含非原语，您可以使用WeakMap作为Ref的值。

function MyComp(props) {
    const itemsRef = React.useRef(new WeakMap())

    // access an item's ref using itemsRef.get(someItem)

    render (
        <ul>
            {props.items.map(item => (
                <li ref={el => itemsRef.current.set(item, el)}>
                    {item.label}
                </li>
            )}
        </ul>
    )
}

import { createRef } from "react";

const MyComponent = () => {
  const arrayOfElements = Array.from({ length: 10 }).map((_, idx) => idx + 1);
  const refs = arrayOfElements.map(() => createRef(null));

  const onCLick = (index) => {
    ref[index]?.current?.click();
  };

  return (
    <div>
      <h1>Defaults Elements</h1>
      {arrayOfElements.map((element, index) => (
        <div key={index} ref={refs[index]}>
          Default Elemnt {element}
        </div>
      ))}

      <h2>Elements Handlers</h2>
      {arrayOfElements.map((_, index) => (
        <button key={index} onClick={() => onCLick(index)}>
          Element {index + 1} Handler
        </button>
      ))}
    </div>
  );
};

通过将子元素移动到单独的组件中，可以避免数组引用与useEffect结合带来的复杂性。这还有其他优点，主要是可读性强，易于维护。

const { useRef, useState, useEffect } = React;

const ListComponent = ({ el }) => {
  const elRef = useRef();
  const [elWidth, setElWidth] = useState();

  useEffect(() => {
    setElWidth(elRef.current.offsetWidth);
  }, []);

  return (
    <div ref={elRef} style={{ width: `${el * 100}px` }}>
      Width is: {elWidth}
    </div>
  );
};

const App = () => {

  return (
    <div>
      {[1, 2, 3].map((el, i) => (
        <ListComponent key={i} el={el} />
      ))}
    </div>
  );
};

ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.getElementById('root'));

如果我理解正确的话，useEffect应该只用于副作用，因此我选择使用useMemo。

const App = props => {
    const itemsRef = useMemo(() => Array(props.items.length).fill().map(() => createRef()), [props.items]);

    return props.items.map((item, i) => (
        <div 
            key={i} 
            ref={itemsRef[i]} 
            style={{ width: `${(i + 1) * 100}px` }}>
        ...
        </div>
    ));
};

然后如果你想操纵物品/使用副作用，你可以这样做:

useEffect(() => {
    itemsRef.map(e => e.current).forEach((e, i) => { ... });
}, [itemsRef.length])

您可以使用数组(或对象)来跟踪所有的引用，并使用方法向数组添加ref。

注意:如果你添加和删除引用，你必须在每个渲染周期清空数组。

import React, { useRef } from "react";

const MyComponent = () => {
   // intialize as en empty array
   const refs = useRefs([]); // or an {}
   // Make it empty at every render cycle as we will get the full list of it at the end of the render cycle
   refs.current = []; // or an {}

   // since it is an array we need to method to add the refs
   const addToRefs = el => {
     if (el && !refs.current.includes(el)) {
       refs.current.push(el);
     }
    };
    return (
     <div className="App">
       {[1,2,3,4].map(val => (
         <div key={val} ref={addToRefs}>
           {val}
         </div>
       ))}
     </div>
   );

}

工作示例 https://codesandbox.io/s/serene-hermann-kqpsu

我们可以使用数组ref来记住ref列表:

import { RefObject, useRef } from 'react';

type RefObjects<T> = RefObject<T>[];

function convertLengthToRefs<T>(
  length: number,
  initialValue: T | null,
): RefObjects<T> {
  return Array.from(new Array(length)).map<RefObject<T>>(() => ({
    current: initialValue,
  }));
}

export function useRefs<T>(length: number, initialValue: T | null = null) {
  const refs = useRef<RefObjects<T>>(convertLengthToRefs(length, initialValue));

  return refs.current;
}

这是一个演示:

const dataList = [1, 2, 3, 4];

const Component: React.FC = () => {
  const refs = useRefs<HTMLLIElement>(dataList.length, null);

  useEffect(() => {
    refs.forEach((item) => {
      console.log(item.current?.getBoundingClientRect());
    });
  }, []);

  return (
    <ul>
      {dataList.map((item, index) => (
        <li key={item} ref={refs[index]}>
          {item}
        </li>
      ))}
    </ul>
  );
};