事实上，变量是元组(存储，范围，类型，地址，值):

storage     :   where is it stored, for example data, stack, heap...
scope       :   who can see us, for example global, local...
type        :   what is our type, for example int, int*...
address     :   where are we located
value       :   what is our value

局部作用域可以是翻译单元(源文件)、函数或块的局部作用域，这取决于它的定义位置。要使变量对多个函数可见，它肯定必须在DATA或BSS区域(取决于它是否分别显式初始化)。然后，它的范围相应地是源文件中的所有函数或函数。

当程序加载到内存中时，它被组织成不同的段。其中一个段是DATA段。数据段进一步细分为两部分:

初始化数据段:所有全局、静态和常量数据都存储在这里。 未初始化数据段(BSS):所有未初始化的数据都存储在这个段中。

下面是一个图表来解释这个概念:

这里有一个很好的链接解释这些概念:C中的内存管理:堆和堆栈

在“全局和静态”区域:)

c++中有几个内存区域:

堆 免费存储 堆栈 全局&静态 常量

这里有你问题的详细答案:

下面总结了c++程序的主要不同内存区域。注意，有些名称(例如，“堆”)在草案[标准]中并没有这样出现。

     Memory Area     Characteristics and Object Lifetimes
     --------------  ------------------------------------------------

     Const Data      The const data area stores string literals and
                     other data whose values are known at compile
                     time.  No objects of class type can exist in
                     this area.  All data in this area is available
                     during the entire lifetime of the program.

                     Further, all of this data is read-only, and the
                     results of trying to modify it are undefined.
                     This is in part because even the underlying
                     storage format is subject to arbitrary
                     optimization by the implementation.  For
                     example, a particular compiler may store string
                     literals in overlapping objects if it wants to.


     Stack           The stack stores automatic variables. Typically
                     allocation is much faster than for dynamic
                     storage (heap or free store) because a memory
                     allocation involves only pointer increment
                     rather than more complex management.  Objects
                     are constructed immediately after memory is
                     allocated and destroyed immediately before
                     memory is deallocated, so there is no
                     opportunity for programmers to directly
                     manipulate allocated but uninitialized stack
                     space (barring willful tampering using explicit
                     dtors and placement new).


     Free Store      The free store is one of the two dynamic memory
                     areas, allocated/freed by new/delete.  Object
                     lifetime can be less than the time the storage
                     is allocated; that is, free store objects can
                     have memory allocated without being immediately
                     initialized, and can be destroyed without the
                     memory being immediately deallocated.  During
                     the period when the storage is allocated but
                     outside the object's lifetime, the storage may
                     be accessed and manipulated through a void* but
                     none of the proto-object's nonstatic members or
                     member functions may be accessed, have their
                     addresses taken, or be otherwise manipulated.


     Heap            The heap is the other dynamic memory area,
                     allocated/freed by malloc/free and their
                     variants.  Note that while the default global
                     new and delete might be implemented in terms of
                     malloc and free by a particular compiler, the
                     heap is not the same as free store and memory
                     allocated in one area cannot be safely
                     deallocated in the other. Memory allocated from
                     the heap can be used for objects of class type
                     by placement-new construction and explicit
                     destruction.  If so used, the notes about free
                     store object lifetime apply similarly here.


     Global/Static   Global or static variables and objects have
                     their storage allocated at program startup, but
                     may not be initialized until after the program
                     has begun executing.  For instance, a static
                     variable in a function is initialized only the
                     first time program execution passes through its
                     definition.  The order of initialization of
                     global variables across translation units is not
                     defined, and special care is needed to manage
                     dependencies between global objects (including
                     class statics).  As always, uninitialized proto-
                     objects' storage may be accessed and manipulated
                     through a void* but no nonstatic members or
                     member functions may be used or referenced
                     outside the object's actual lifetime.

你已经知道要么它存储在bss(块开始的符号)，也称为未初始化的数据段或初始化的数据段。

让我们举一个简单的例子

void main(void)
{
static int i;
}

上面的静态变量没有初始化，所以它进入未初始化的数据段(bss)。

void main(void)
{
static int i=10;
}

当然它初始化了10，所以它去初始化数据段。

它们都将被独立存储，但是如果您想让其他开发人员清楚地知道，您可能希望将它们包装在名称空间中。

事实上，变量是元组(存储，范围，类型，地址，值):

storage     :   where is it stored, for example data, stack, heap...
scope       :   who can see us, for example global, local...
type        :   what is our type, for example int, int*...
address     :   where are we located
value       :   what is our value

局部作用域可以是翻译单元(源文件)、函数或块的局部作用域，这取决于它的定义位置。要使变量对多个函数可见，它肯定必须在DATA或BSS区域(取决于它是否分别显式初始化)。然后，它的范围相应地是源文件中的所有函数或函数。