验证字符串是否是有效的电子邮件地址的最优雅的代码是什么?
当前回答
public bool IsValidEmail(string email)
{
try
{
var addr = new System.Net.Mail.MailAddress(email);
return addr.Address == email;
}
catch
{
return false;
}
}
其他回答
Personally, I would say that you should just make sure there is an @ symbol in there, with possibly a . character. There's many regexes you could use of varying correctness, but I think most of these leave out valid email addresses, or let invalid ones through. If people want to put in a fake email address, they will put in a fake one. If you need to verify that the email address is legit, and that the person is in control of that email address, then you will need to send them an email with a special coded link so they can verify that it indeed is a real address.
这是一个老问题，但我在SO上找到的所有答案，包括最近的答案，都与这个问题类似。然而，在。net 4.5 / MVC 4中，你可以通过从System.ComponentModel中添加[EmailAddress]注释来向表单添加电子邮件地址验证。DataAnnotations，所以我想知道为什么我不能只使用。net的内置功能。
这似乎是可行的，而且在我看来是相当优雅的:
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
class ValidateSomeEmails
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var email = new EmailAddressAttribute();
email.IsValid("someone@somewhere.com"); //true
email.IsValid("someone@somewhere.co.uk"); //true
email.IsValid("someone+tag@somewhere.net"); //true
email.IsValid("futureTLD@somewhere.fooo"); //true
email.IsValid("fdsa"); //false
email.IsValid("fdsa@"); //false
email.IsValid("fdsa@fdsa"); //false
email.IsValid("fdsa@fdsa."); //false
//one-liner
if (new EmailAddressAttribute().IsValid("someone@somewhere.com"))
return true;
}
}
电子邮件地址验证并不像看起来那么简单。实际上，从理论上讲，仅使用正则表达式完全验证电子邮件地址是不可能的。
请查看我的博客文章，了解关于这个主题的讨论以及使用FParsec的f#实现。[/ shameless_plug]
正如在许多回答中提到的，电子邮件地址的领域是复杂的。在这种情况下，我强烈反对使用正则表达式。那些匹配(大多数)用例的异常复杂，难以读取，因此也难以维护。此外，它们仍然难以支持所有病例，而且速度缓慢。
微软的EmailAddress类在这方面有所帮助，但我认为也不是完美的。在几年前的一个开源项目中，我尝试使用定制的EmailParser。
在[EmailAddress]https://github.com/Qowaiv/Qowaiv/blob/master/src/Qowaiv/EmailAddress.cs中使用。
通过使用这种方法，不仅可以验证电子邮件地址，还可以清除显示名称的多种格式，去掉mailto:-前缀，并根据ip地址规范化域字面量，并将所有内容小写(注意，本地部分是大小写敏感的)。
你的解决方案应该支持的场景(上面提到的就是):
[TestCase(null)]
[TestCase("")]
[TestCase("..@test.com")]
[TestCase(".a@test.com")]
[TestCase("ab@sd@dd")]
[TestCase(".@s.dd")]
[TestCase("ab@988.120.150.10")]
[TestCase("ab@120.256.256.120")]
[TestCase("ab@120.25.1111.120")]
[TestCase("ab@[188.120.150.10")]
[TestCase("ab@188.120.150.10]")]
[TestCase("ab@[188.120.150.10].com")]
[TestCase("a@b.-de.cc")]
[TestCase("a@bde-.cc")]
[TestCase("a@bde.c-c")]
[TestCase("a@bde.cc.")]
[TestCase("ab@b+de.cc")]
[TestCase("a..b@bde.cc")]
[TestCase("_@bde.cc,")]
[TestCase("plainaddress")]
[TestCase("plain.address")]
[TestCase("@%^%#$@#$@#.com")]
[TestCase("@domain.com")]
[TestCase("Joe Smith <email@domain.com>")]
[TestCase("email.domain.com")]
[TestCase("email@domain@domain.com")]
[TestCase(".email@domain.com")]
[TestCase("email.@domain.com")]
[TestCase("email..email@domain.com")]
[TestCase("email@-domain.com")]
[TestCase("email@domain-.com")]
[TestCase("email@domain.com-")]
[TestCase("email@.domain.com")]
[TestCase("email@domain.com.")]
[TestCase("email@domain..com")]
[TestCase("email@111.222.333")]
[TestCase("email@111.222.333.256")]
[TestCase("email@[123.123.123.123")]
[TestCase("email@[123.123.123].123")]
[TestCase("email@123.123.123.123]")]
[TestCase("email@123.123.[123.123]")]
[TestCase("email@{leftbracket.com")]
[TestCase("email@rightbracket}.com")]
[TestCase("email@p|pe.com")]
[TestCase("isis@100%.nl")]
[TestCase("email@dollar$.com")]
[TestCase("email@r&d.com")]
[TestCase("email@#hash.com")]
[TestCase("email@wave~tilde.com")]
[TestCase("email@exclamation!mark.com")]
[TestCase("email@question?mark.com")]
[TestCase("email@obelix*asterisk.com")]
[TestCase("email@grave`accent.com")]
[TestCase("email@colon:colon.com")]
[TestCase("email@caret^xor.com")]
[TestCase("email@=qowaiv.com")]
[TestCase("email@plus+.com")]
[TestCase("email@domain.com>")]
[TestCase("email( (nested) )@plus.com")]
[TestCase("email)mirror(@plus.com")]
[TestCase("email@plus.com (not closed comment")]
[TestCase("email(with @ in comment)plus.com")]
[TestCase(@"""Joe Smith email@domain.com")]
[TestCase(@"""Joe Smith' email@domain.com")]
[TestCase(@"""Joe Smith""email@domain.com")]
[TestCase("email@mailto:domain.com")]
[TestCase("mailto:mailto:email@domain.com")]
[TestCase("Display Name <email@plus.com> (after name with display)")]
[TestCase("ReDoSaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa@aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa")]
public void IsInvalid(string email)
{
Assert.IsFalse(EmailAddress.IsValid(email), email);
}
[TestCase("w@com")]
[TestCase("w.b.f@test.com")]
[TestCase("w.b.f@test.museum")]
[TestCase("a.a@test.com")]
[TestCase("ab@288.120.150.10.com")]
[TestCase("ab@188.120.150.10")]
[TestCase("ab@1.0.0.10")]
[TestCase("ab@120.25.254.120")]
[TestCase("ab@01.120.150.1")]
[TestCase("ab@88.120.150.021")]
[TestCase("ab@88.120.150.01")]
[TestCase("ab@[120.254.254.120]")]
[TestCase("local@2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334")]
[TestCase("local@[2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334]")]
[TestCase("2@bde.cc")]
[TestCase("-@bde.cc")]
[TestCase("a2@bde.cc")]
[TestCase("a-b@bde.cc")]
[TestCase("ab@b-de.cc")]
[TestCase("a+b@bde.cc")]
[TestCase("f.f.f@bde.cc")]
[TestCase("ab_c@bde.cc")]
[TestCase("_-_@bde.cc")]
[TestCase("k.haak@12move.nl")]
[TestCase("K.HAAK@12MOVE.NL")]
[TestCase("email@domain.com")]
[TestCase("email@domain")]
[TestCase("あいうえお@domain.com")]
[TestCase("local@あいうえお.com")]
[TestCase("firstname.lastname@domain.com")]
[TestCase("email@subdomain.domain.com")]
[TestCase("firstname+lastname@domain.com")]
[TestCase("email@123.123.123.123")]
[TestCase("email@[123.123.123.123]")]
[TestCase("1234567890@domain.com")]
[TestCase("a@domain.com")]
[TestCase("a.b.c.d@domain.com")]
[TestCase("aap.123.noot.mies@domain.com")]
[TestCase("1@domain.com")]
[TestCase("email@domain-one.com")]
[TestCase("_______@domain.com")]
[TestCase("email@domain.topleveldomain")]
[TestCase("email@domain.co.jp")]
[TestCase("firstname-lastname@domain.com")]
[TestCase("firstname-lastname@d.com")]
[TestCase("FIRSTNAME-LASTNAME@d--n.com")]
[TestCase("first-name-last-name@d-a-n.com")]
[TestCase("{local{name{{with{@leftbracket.com")]
[TestCase("}local}name}}with{@rightbracket.com")]
[TestCase("|local||name|with|@pipe.com")]
[TestCase("%local%%name%with%@percentage.com")]
[TestCase("$local$$name$with$@dollar.com")]
[TestCase("&local&&name&with&$@amp.com")]
[TestCase("#local##name#with#@hash.com")]
[TestCase("~local~~name~with~@tilde.com")]
[TestCase("!local!!name!with!@exclamation.com")]
[TestCase("?local??name?with?@question.com")]
[TestCase("*local**name*with*@asterisk.com")]
[TestCase("`local``name`with`@grave-accent.com")]
[TestCase("^local^^name^with^@xor.com")]
[TestCase("=local==name=with=@equality.com")]
[TestCase("+local++name+with+@equality.com")]
[TestCase("Joe Smith <email@domain.com>")]
[TestCase("email@domain.com (joe Smith)")]
[TestCase(@"""Joe Smith"" email@domain.com")]
[TestCase(@"""Joe\\tSmith"" email@domain.com")]
[TestCase(@"""Joe\""Smith"" email@domain.com")]
[TestCase(@"Test |<gaaf <email@domain.com>")]
[TestCase("MailTo:casesensitve@domain.com")]
[TestCase("mailto:email@domain.com")]
[TestCase("Joe Smith <mailto:email@domain.com>")]
[TestCase("Joe Smith <mailto:email(with comment)@domain.com>")]
[TestCase(@"""With extra < within quotes"" Display Name<email@domain.com>")]
[TestCase("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa@aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa")]
public void IsValid(string email)
{
Assert.IsTrue(EmailAddress.IsValid(email), email);
}
一般来说，使用正则表达式来验证电子邮件地址并不是一件容易的事情;在撰写本文时，电子邮件地址的语法必须遵循相对较多的标准，在正则表达式中实现所有这些标准实际上是不可行的!
我强烈建议你试试我们的EmailVerify。NET是一个成熟的。NET库，它可以根据当前所有的IETF标准(RFC 1123, RFC 2821, RFC 2822, RFC 3696, RFC 4291, RFC 5321和RFC 5322)验证电子邮件地址，测试相关的DNS记录，检查目标邮箱是否可以接受消息，甚至可以判断给定的地址是否是一次性的。
免责声明:我是这个组件的主要开发人员。
