我将演示如何通过将真正的请求与返回相同数据的假请求交换来将编程逻辑与实际的外部库分离。在你看来，如果外部api调用，那么这个过程是最好的

import pytest
from unittest.mock import patch
from django.test import RequestFactory

@patch("path(projectname.appname.filename).requests.post")
def test_mock_response(self, mock_get, rf: RequestFactory):
    mock_get.return_value.ok = Mock(ok=True)
    mock_get.return_value.status_code = 400
    mock_get.return_value.json.return_value = {you can define here dummy response}
    request = rf.post("test/", data=self.payload)
    response = view_name_view(request)

    expected_response = {
        "success": False,
        "status": "unsuccessful",
    }

    assert response.data == expected_response
    assert response.status_code == 400

这就是模拟请求的方法。Post，将其更改为HTTP方法

@patch.object(requests, 'post')
def your_test_method(self, mockpost):
    mockresponse = Mock()
    mockpost.return_value = mockresponse
    mockresponse.text = 'mock return'

    #call your target method now

如果你想模拟一个假响应，另一种方法是简单地实例化一个基本HttpResponse类的实例，如下所示:

from django.http.response import HttpResponseBase

self.fake_response = HttpResponseBase()

我将添加这些信息，因为我很难弄清楚如何模拟异步api调用。

以下是我模拟异步调用所做的工作。

这是我想测试的函数

async def get_user_info(headers, payload):
    return await httpx.AsyncClient().post(URI, json=payload, headers=headers)

您仍然需要MockResponse类

class MockResponse:
    def __init__(self, json_data, status_code):
        self.json_data = json_data
        self.status_code = status_code

    def json(self):
        return self.json_data

添加MockResponseAsync类

class MockResponseAsync:
    def __init__(self, json_data, status_code):
        self.response = MockResponse(json_data, status_code)

    async def getResponse(self):
        return self.response

下面是测试。这里重要的是，我之前创建了响应，因为init函数不能是异步的，对getResponse的调用是异步的，所以它都签出了。

@pytest.mark.asyncio
@patch('httpx.AsyncClient')
async def test_get_user_info_valid(self, mock_post):
    """test_get_user_info_valid"""
    # Given
    token_bd = "abc"
    username = "bob"
    payload = {
        'USERNAME': username,
        'DBNAME': 'TEST'
    }
    headers = {
        'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + token_bd,
        'Content-Type': 'application/json'
    }
    async_response = MockResponseAsync("", 200)
    mock_post.return_value.post.return_value = async_response.getResponse()

    # When
    await api_bd.get_user_info(headers, payload)

    # Then
    mock_post.return_value.post.assert_called_once_with(
        URI, json=payload, headers=headers)

如果你有更好的方法告诉我，不过我觉得这样很干净。

以下是对我有效的方法:

import mock
@mock.patch('requests.get', mock.Mock(side_effect = lambda k:{'aurl': 'a response', 'burl' : 'b response'}.get(k, 'unhandled request %s'%k)))

我从Johannes Farhenkrug的答案开始，它对我很有效。我需要模拟请求库，因为我的目标是隔离我的应用程序，不测试任何第三方资源。

然后我读了更多关于python的Mock库，我意识到我可以用python Mock类替换MockResponse类，你可能称之为“Test Double”或“Fake”。

这样做的好处是可以访问assert_called_with, call_args等。不需要额外的库。额外的好处，如“可读性”或“更python化”是主观的，所以它们可能对你有影响，也可能没有。

这是我的版本，更新使用python的Mock而不是test double:

import json
import requests
from unittest import mock

# defube stubs
AUTH_TOKEN = '{"prop": "value"}'
LIST_OF_WIDGETS = '{"widgets": ["widget1", "widget2"]}'
PURCHASED_WIDGETS = '{"widgets": ["purchased_widget"]}'


# exception class when an unknown URL is mocked
class MockNotSupported(Exception):
  pass


# factory method that cranks out the Mocks
def mock_requests_factory(response_stub: str, status_code: int = 200):
    return mock.Mock(**{
        'json.return_value': json.loads(response_stub),
        'text.return_value': response_stub,
        'status_code': status_code,
        'ok': status_code == 200
    })


# side effect mock function
def mock_requests_post(*args, **kwargs):
    if args[0].endswith('/api/v1/get_auth_token'):
        return mock_requests_factory(AUTH_TOKEN)
    elif args[0].endswith('/api/v1/get_widgets'):
        return mock_requests_factory(LIST_OF_WIDGETS)
    elif args[0].endswith('/api/v1/purchased_widgets'):
        return mock_requests_factory(PURCHASED_WIDGETS)
    
    raise MockNotSupported


# patch requests.post and run tests
with mock.patch('requests.post') as requests_post_mock:
  requests_post_mock.side_effect = mock_requests_post
  response = requests.post('https://myserver/api/v1/get_widgets')
  assert response.ok is True
  assert response.status_code == 200
  assert 'widgets' in response.json()
  
  # now I can also do this
  requests_post_mock.assert_called_with('https://myserver/api/v1/get_widgets')

Repl。它的链接:

https://repl.it/@abkonsta/Using-unittestMock-for-requestspost#main.py

https://repl.it/@abkonsta/Using-test-double-for-requestspost#main.py