我试图使用python模拟包来模拟python请求模块。让我在下面的场景中工作的基本调用是什么?
在views.py中，我有一个函数，它每次都以不同的响应进行各种request .get()调用
def myview(request):
res1 = requests.get('aurl')
res2 = request.get('burl')
res3 = request.get('curl')
在我的测试类中，我想做类似的事情，但不能确定确切的方法调用
步骤1:
# Mock the requests module
# when mockedRequests.get('aurl') is called then return 'a response'
# when mockedRequests.get('burl') is called then return 'b response'
# when mockedRequests.get('curl') is called then return 'c response'
步骤2:
调用我的视图
步骤3:
验证响应包含'a response'， 'b response'， 'c response'
我如何完成第1步(模拟请求模块)?
我将添加这些信息，因为我很难弄清楚如何模拟异步api调用。
以下是我模拟异步调用所做的工作。
这是我想测试的函数
async def get_user_info(headers, payload):
return await httpx.AsyncClient().post(URI, json=payload, headers=headers)
您仍然需要MockResponse类
class MockResponse:
def __init__(self, json_data, status_code):
self.json_data = json_data
self.status_code = status_code
def json(self):
return self.json_data
添加MockResponseAsync类
class MockResponseAsync:
def __init__(self, json_data, status_code):
self.response = MockResponse(json_data, status_code)
async def getResponse(self):
return self.response
下面是测试。这里重要的是，我之前创建了响应，因为init函数不能是异步的，对getResponse的调用是异步的，所以它都签出了。
@pytest.mark.asyncio
@patch('httpx.AsyncClient')
async def test_get_user_info_valid(self, mock_post):
"""test_get_user_info_valid"""
# Given
token_bd = "abc"
username = "bob"
payload = {
'USERNAME': username,
'DBNAME': 'TEST'
}
headers = {
'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + token_bd,
'Content-Type': 'application/json'
}
async_response = MockResponseAsync("", 200)
mock_post.return_value.post.return_value = async_response.getResponse()
# When
await api_bd.get_user_info(headers, payload)
# Then
mock_post.return_value.post.assert_called_once_with(
URI, json=payload, headers=headers)
如果你有更好的方法告诉我，不过我觉得这样很干净。
尝试使用响应库。以下是他们文档中的一个例子:
import responses
import requests
@responses.activate
def test_simple():
responses.add(responses.GET, 'http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar',
json={'error': 'not found'}, status=404)
resp = requests.get('http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar')
assert resp.json() == {"error": "not found"}
assert len(responses.calls) == 1
assert responses.calls[0].request.url == 'http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar'
assert responses.calls[0].response.text == '{"error": "not found"}'
相比于自己设置所有的mock，它提供了相当好的便利。
还有HTTPretty:
它不是特定于请求库，在某些方面更强大，尽管我发现它不太适合检查它拦截的请求，而响应则很容易
还有httmock。
最近，一个比古老的请求更受欢迎的新库是httpx，它增加了对异步的一等支持。httpx的模拟库是:https://github.com/lundberg/respx
使用requests_mock可以很容易地修补任何请求
pip install requests-mock
from unittest import TestCase
import requests_mock
from <yourmodule> import <method> (auth)
class TestApi(TestCase):
@requests_mock.Mocker()
def test_01_authentication(self, m):
"""Successful authentication using username password"""
token = 'token'
m.post(f'http://localhost/auth', json= {'token': token})
act_token =auth("user", "pass")
self.assertEqual(act_token, token)
我从Johannes Farhenkrug的答案开始，它对我很有效。我需要模拟请求库，因为我的目标是隔离我的应用程序，不测试任何第三方资源。
然后我读了更多关于python的Mock库，我意识到我可以用python Mock类替换MockResponse类，你可能称之为“Test Double”或“Fake”。
这样做的好处是可以访问assert_called_with, call_args等。不需要额外的库。额外的好处，如“可读性”或“更python化”是主观的，所以它们可能对你有影响，也可能没有。
这是我的版本，更新使用python的Mock而不是test double:
import json
import requests
from unittest import mock
# defube stubs
AUTH_TOKEN = '{"prop": "value"}'
LIST_OF_WIDGETS = '{"widgets": ["widget1", "widget2"]}'
PURCHASED_WIDGETS = '{"widgets": ["purchased_widget"]}'
# exception class when an unknown URL is mocked
class MockNotSupported(Exception):
pass
# factory method that cranks out the Mocks
def mock_requests_factory(response_stub: str, status_code: int = 200):
return mock.Mock(**{
'json.return_value': json.loads(response_stub),
'text.return_value': response_stub,
'status_code': status_code,
'ok': status_code == 200
})
# side effect mock function
def mock_requests_post(*args, **kwargs):
if args[0].endswith('/api/v1/get_auth_token'):
return mock_requests_factory(AUTH_TOKEN)
elif args[0].endswith('/api/v1/get_widgets'):
return mock_requests_factory(LIST_OF_WIDGETS)
elif args[0].endswith('/api/v1/purchased_widgets'):
return mock_requests_factory(PURCHASED_WIDGETS)
raise MockNotSupported
# patch requests.post and run tests
with mock.patch('requests.post') as requests_post_mock:
requests_post_mock.side_effect = mock_requests_post
response = requests.post('https://myserver/api/v1/get_widgets')
assert response.ok is True
assert response.status_code == 200
assert 'widgets' in response.json()
# now I can also do this
requests_post_mock.assert_called_with('https://myserver/api/v1/get_widgets')
Repl。它的链接:
https://repl.it/@abkonsta/Using-unittestMock-for-requestspost#main.py
https://repl.it/@abkonsta/Using-test-double-for-requestspost#main.py
目前最简单的方法:
from unittest import TestCase
from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
from .utils import method_foo
class TestFoo(TestCase):
@patch.object(utils_requests, "post") # change to desired method here
def test_foo(self, mock_requests_post):
# EXPLANATION: mocked 'post' method above will return some built-in mock,
# and its method 'json' will return mock 'mock_data',
# which got argument 'return_value' with our data to be returned
mock_data = Mock(return_value=[{"id": 1}, {"id": 2}])
mock_requests_post.return_value.json = mock_data
method_foo()
# TODO: asserts here
"""
Example of method that you can test in utils.py
"""
def method_foo():
response = requests.post("http://example.com")
records = response.json()
for record in records:
print(record.get("id"))
# do other stuff here
