我试图使用python模拟包来模拟python请求模块。让我在下面的场景中工作的基本调用是什么?

在views.py中,我有一个函数,它每次都以不同的响应进行各种request .get()调用

def myview(request):
  res1 = requests.get('aurl')
  res2 = request.get('burl')
  res3 = request.get('curl')

在我的测试类中,我想做类似的事情,但不能确定确切的方法调用

步骤1:

# Mock the requests module
# when mockedRequests.get('aurl') is called then return 'a response'
# when mockedRequests.get('burl') is called then return 'b response'
# when mockedRequests.get('curl') is called then return 'c response'

步骤2:

调用我的视图

步骤3:

验证响应包含'a response', 'b response', 'c response'

我如何完成第1步(模拟请求模块)?


当前回答

我将添加这些信息,因为我很难弄清楚如何模拟异步api调用。

以下是我模拟异步调用所做的工作。

这是我想测试的函数

async def get_user_info(headers, payload):
    return await httpx.AsyncClient().post(URI, json=payload, headers=headers)

您仍然需要MockResponse类

class MockResponse:
    def __init__(self, json_data, status_code):
        self.json_data = json_data
        self.status_code = status_code

    def json(self):
        return self.json_data

添加MockResponseAsync类

class MockResponseAsync:
    def __init__(self, json_data, status_code):
        self.response = MockResponse(json_data, status_code)

    async def getResponse(self):
        return self.response

下面是测试。这里重要的是,我之前创建了响应,因为init函数不能是异步的,对getResponse的调用是异步的,所以它都签出了。

@pytest.mark.asyncio
@patch('httpx.AsyncClient')
async def test_get_user_info_valid(self, mock_post):
    """test_get_user_info_valid"""
    # Given
    token_bd = "abc"
    username = "bob"
    payload = {
        'USERNAME': username,
        'DBNAME': 'TEST'
    }
    headers = {
        'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + token_bd,
        'Content-Type': 'application/json'
    }
    async_response = MockResponseAsync("", 200)
    mock_post.return_value.post.return_value = async_response.getResponse()

    # When
    await api_bd.get_user_info(headers, payload)

    # Then
    mock_post.return_value.post.assert_called_once_with(
        URI, json=payload, headers=headers)

如果你有更好的方法告诉我,不过我觉得这样很干净。

其他回答

解决请求的一个可能的方法是使用库betamax,它记录所有的请求,之后如果你在相同的url中使用相同的参数发出请求,betamax将使用记录的请求,我一直在用它来测试网络爬虫,它节省了我很多时间。

import os

import requests
from betamax import Betamax
from betamax_serializers import pretty_json


WORKERS_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
CASSETTES_DIR = os.path.join(WORKERS_DIR, u'resources', u'cassettes')
MATCH_REQUESTS_ON = [u'method', u'uri', u'path', u'query']

Betamax.register_serializer(pretty_json.PrettyJSONSerializer)
with Betamax.configure() as config:
    config.cassette_library_dir = CASSETTES_DIR
    config.default_cassette_options[u'serialize_with'] = u'prettyjson'
    config.default_cassette_options[u'match_requests_on'] = MATCH_REQUESTS_ON
    config.default_cassette_options[u'preserve_exact_body_bytes'] = True


class WorkerCertidaoTRT2:
    session = requests.session()

    def make_request(self, input_json):
        with Betamax(self.session) as vcr:
            vcr.use_cassette(u'google')
            response = session.get('http://www.google.com')

https://betamax.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

使用requests_mock可以很容易地修补任何请求

pip install requests-mock
from unittest import TestCase
import requests_mock
from <yourmodule> import <method> (auth)

class TestApi(TestCase):
  @requests_mock.Mocker()
  def test_01_authentication(self, m):
        """Successful authentication using username password"""
        token = 'token'
        m.post(f'http://localhost/auth', json= {'token': token})
        act_token =auth("user", "pass")
        self.assertEqual(act_token, token)

如果你想模拟一个假响应,另一种方法是简单地实例化一个基本HttpResponse类的实例,如下所示:

from django.http.response import HttpResponseBase

self.fake_response = HttpResponseBase()

以下是对我有效的方法:

import mock
@mock.patch('requests.get', mock.Mock(side_effect = lambda k:{'aurl': 'a response', 'burl' : 'b response'}.get(k, 'unhandled request %s'%k)))

这对我来说是可行的,尽管我还没有做太多复杂的测试。

import json
from requests import Response

class MockResponse(Response):
    def __init__(self,
                 url='http://example.com',
                 headers={'Content-Type':'text/html; charset=UTF-8'},
                 status_code=200,
                 reason = 'Success',
                 _content = 'Some html goes here',
                 json_ = None,
                 encoding='UTF-8'
                 ):
    self.url = url
    self.headers = headers
    if json_ and headers['Content-Type'] == 'application/json':
        self._content = json.dumps(json_).encode(encoding)
    else:
        self._content = _content.encode(encoding)

    self.status_code = status_code
    self.reason = reason
    self.encoding = encoding

然后你可以创建响应:

mock_response = MockResponse(
    headers={'Content-Type' :'application/json'},
    status_code=401,
    json_={'success': False},
    reason='Unauthorized'
)
mock_response.raise_for_status()

给了

requests.exceptions.HTTPError: 401 Client Error: Unauthorized for url: http://example.com