由于我没有找到任何方法，它也处理旋转而不检查时间戳，我想我也分享我们现在如何在我们的应用程序中这样做。 对这个答案https://stackoverflow.com/a/42679191/5119746唯一的补充是，我们还考虑了方向。

class MyApplication : Application(), Application.ActivityLifecycleCallbacks {

   // Members

   private var mAppIsInBackground = false
   private var mCurrentOrientation: Int? = null
   private var mOrientationWasChanged = false
   private var mResumed = 0
   private var mPaused = 0

然后，对于回调，我们首先有简历:

   // ActivityLifecycleCallbacks

   override fun onActivityResumed(activity: Activity?) {

      mResumed++

      if (mAppIsInBackground) {

         // !!! App came from background !!! Insert code

         mAppIsInBackground = false
      }
      mOrientationWasChanged = false
    }

和onActivityStopped:

   override fun onActivityStopped(activity: Activity?) {

       if (mResumed == mPaused && !mOrientationWasChanged) {

       // !!! App moved to background !!! Insert code

        mAppIsInBackground = true
    }

然后，这里是附加的:检查方向变化:

   override fun onConfigurationChanged(newConfig: Configuration) {

       if (newConfig.orientation != mCurrentOrientation) {
           mCurrentOrientation = newConfig.orientation
           mOrientationWasChanged = true
       }
       super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig)
   }

就是这样。希望这能帮助到一些人:)

The principal problem is that you have to get an specific behavior when you start an activity from background. If you override your onPause() and onResume() methods, you'll have a close answer, but not the solution. The problem is that onPause() and onResume() methods are called even if you don't minimize your application, they can be called when you start an activity and later you press the back button to return to your activity. To eliminate that problem and to know really when your application comes from background, you must to get the running process and compare with your process:

private boolean isApplicationBroughtToBackground() {
    ActivityManager am = (ActivityManager) getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
    List<RunningTaskInfo> tasks = am.getRunningTasks(1);
    if (!tasks.isEmpty()) {
        ComponentName topActivity = tasks.get(0).topActivity;
        if (!topActivity.getPackageName().equals(getPackageName())) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

现在你必须声明一个布尔变量:

public boolean wasPaused = false;

并询问你的活动何时进入后台:

@Override
public void onPause(){
    super.onPause();
    if(isApplicationBroughtToBackground())
        wasPaused = true;
}

现在，当你的活动再次出现在屏幕上时，在onResume()方法中询问:

@Override
public void onResume(){
    super.onResume();
    if(wasPaused){
        lockScreen(true);
    }
    wasPaused = false;
}

就是这样。现在，当您的活动进入后台，稍后用户将其带到前台时，锁定屏幕将出现。

如果你想为你的应用程序的任何活动重复这个行为，你必须创建一个活动(可以是BaseActivity)，放这个方法，你所有的活动都必须从BaseActivity继承。

我希望这对你有帮助。

问候!

如果你的应用由多个活动和/或堆叠的活动组成，就像一个标签栏小部件，那么覆盖onPause()和onResume()将不起作用。例如，当启动一个新的活动，当前的活动将得到暂停之前，新的一个被创建。当完成一个活动(使用“后退”按钮)时，也同样适用。

我发现有两种方法似乎很有效。

第一个需要GET_TASKS权限，由一个简单的方法组成，通过比较包名来检查设备上运行最多的活动是否属于应用程序:

private boolean isApplicationBroughtToBackground() {
    ActivityManager am = (ActivityManager) context.getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
    List<RunningTaskInfo> tasks = am.getRunningTasks(1);
    if (!tasks.isEmpty()) {
        ComponentName topActivity = tasks.get(0).topActivity;
        if (!topActivity.getPackageName().equals(context.getPackageName())) {
            return true;
        }
    }

    return false;
}

这种方法是在Droid-Fu(现在称为Ignition)框架中发现的。

我自己实现的第二个方法不需要GET_TASKS权限，这很好。相反，它的实现有点复杂。

在MainApplication类中，有一个变量用于跟踪应用程序中正在运行的活动的数量。在onResume()中为每个活动增加变量，在onPause()中减少变量。

当正在运行的activity数量达到0时，如果满足以下条件，应用程序将被放入后台:

正在暂停的活动没有结束(使用了“后退”按钮)。这可以通过使用activity.isFinishing()方法来完成。 没有启动一个新活动(相同的包名)。你可以重写startActivity()方法来设置一个变量来指示这一点，然后在onPostResume()中重置它，这是创建/恢复活动时运行的最后一个方法。

当您可以检测到应用程序已经退出到后台时，当它被带回前台时也很容易检测到。

基于Martín marconcini的回答(谢谢!)我终于找到了一个可靠(而且非常简单)的解决方案。

public class ApplicationLifecycleHandler implements Application.ActivityLifecycleCallbacks, ComponentCallbacks2 {

    private static final String TAG = ApplicationLifecycleHandler.class.getSimpleName();
    private static boolean isInBackground = false;

    @Override
    public void onActivityCreated(Activity activity, Bundle bundle) {
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityStarted(Activity activity) {
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityResumed(Activity activity) {

        if(isInBackground){
            Log.d(TAG, "app went to foreground");
            isInBackground = false;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityPaused(Activity activity) {
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityStopped(Activity activity) {
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivitySaveInstanceState(Activity activity, Bundle bundle) {
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityDestroyed(Activity activity) {
    }

    @Override
    public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration configuration) {
    }

    @Override
    public void onLowMemory() {
    }

    @Override
    public void onTrimMemory(int i) {
        if(i == ComponentCallbacks2.TRIM_MEMORY_UI_HIDDEN){
            Log.d(TAG, "app went to background");
            isInBackground = true;
        }
    }
}

然后将其添加到Application类的onCreate()中

public class MyApp extends android.app.Application {

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();

        ApplicationLifeCycleHandler handler = new ApplicationLifeCycleHandler();
        registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(handler);
        registerComponentCallbacks(handler);

    }

}

您可以使用ProcessLifecycleOwner将生命周期观察者附加到它。

  public class ForegroundLifecycleObserver implements LifecycleObserver {

    @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE)
    public void onAppCreated() {
        Timber.d("onAppCreated() called");
    }

    @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START)
    public void onAppStarted() {
        Timber.d("onAppStarted() called");
    }

    @OnLifecycleEvent(Event.ON_RESUME)
    public void onAppResumed() {
        Timber.d("onAppResumed() called");
    }

    @OnLifecycleEvent(Event.ON_PAUSE)
    public void onAppPaused() {
        Timber.d("onAppPaused() called");
    }

    @OnLifecycleEvent(Event.ON_STOP)
    public void onAppStopped() {
        Timber.d("onAppStopped() called");
    }
}

然后在你的Application类的onCreate()你调用这个:

ProcessLifecycleOwner.get().getLifecycle().addObserver(new ForegroundLifecycleObserver());

有了它，你将能够捕捉应用程序在后台运行时发生的ON_PAUSE和ON_STOP事件。

LifecycleObserver已弃用。使用DefaultLifecycleObserver代替:

public class YourApplication extends Application implements DefaultLifecycleObserver {

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        ProcessLifecycleOwner.get().getLifecycle().addObserver(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart(@NonNull LifecycleOwner owner) {
        DefaultLifecycleObserver.super.onStart(owner);
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume(@NonNull LifecycleOwner owner) {
        DefaultLifecycleObserver.super.onResume(owner);
    }

    @Override
    public void onPause(@NonNull LifecycleOwner owner) {
        DefaultLifecycleObserver.super.onPause(owner);
    }

    @Override
    public void onStop(@NonNull LifecycleOwner owner) {
        DefaultLifecycleObserver.super.onStop(owner);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy(@NonNull LifecycleOwner owner) {
        DefaultLifecycleObserver.super.onDestroy(owner);
    }
}

依赖关系:

  implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-common:2.5.1'
  implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-process:2.5.1'