是否可以使用break函数退出几个嵌套的for循环?

如果是,你会怎么做呢?你还能控制刹车出多少圈吗?


当前回答

只是使用lambdas添加一个显式的答案:

  for (int i = 0; i < n1; ++i) {
    [&] {
      for (int j = 0; j < n2; ++j) {
        for (int k = 0; k < n3; ++k) {
          return; // yay we're breaking out of 2 loops here
        }
      }
    }();
  }

当然,这种模式有一定的局限性,显然只适用于c++ 11,但我认为它非常有用。

其他回答

你可以用try…catch。

try {
    for(int i=0; i<10; ++i) {
        for(int j=0; j<10; ++j) {
            if(i*j == 42)
                throw 0; // this is something like "break 2"
        }
    }
}
catch(int e) {} // just do nothing
// just continue with other code

如果必须同时跳出几个循环,通常会出现异常。

虽然这个答案已经提出了,但我认为一个很好的方法是这样做:

for(unsigned int z = 0; z < z_max; z++)
{
    bool gotoMainLoop = false;
    for(unsigned int y = 0; y < y_max && !gotoMainLoop; y++)
    {
        for(unsigned int x = 0; x < x_max && !gotoMainLoop; x++)
        {
                          //do your stuff
                          if(condition)
                            gotoMainLoop = true;
        }
    }

}

你可以使用“goto”来留下嵌套循环 下面是我的原始代码,包括“goto”

int main()
{
    string str;
    while (cin >> str)
    {
        if (str == "0")
            break;
        int sum = 0;
        for (auto ch : str)
        {
            if (ch <= 'z' && ch >= 'a')
                sum += (ch - 'a' + 1);
            else if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z')
                sum += (ch - 'A' + 1);
            else
            {
                cout << "Fail" << endl;
                goto fail;
            }
        }

        cout << sum << endl;
        fail:
    }
    return 0;
}

然而,我可以通过添加函数“计算”来避免“goto”

void calculate(const string &str)
{
    int sum = 0;
    for (auto ch : str)
    {
        if (ch <= 'z' && ch >= 'a')
            sum += (ch - 'a' + 1);
        else if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z')
            sum += (ch - 'A' + 1);
        else
        {
            cout << "Fail" << endl;
            return;
        }
    }

    cout << sum << endl;
}

int main()
{
    string str;
    while (cin >> str)
    {
        if (str == "0")
            break;
        calculate(str);
    }
    return 0;
}

Goto对于打破嵌套循环非常有用

for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
    for (j = 0; j < 1000; j++) {
        for (k = 0; k < 1000; k++) {
             for (l = 0; l < 1000; l++){
                ....
                if (condition)
                    goto break_me_here;
                ....
            }
        }
    }
}

break_me_here:
// Statements to be executed after code breaks at if condition

Breaking out of a for-loop is a little strange to me, since the semantics of a for-loop typically indicate that it will execute a specified number of times. However, it's not bad in all cases; if you're searching for something in a collection and want to break after you find it, it's useful. Breaking out of nested loops, however, isn't possible in C++; it is in other languages through the use of a labeled break. You can use a label and a goto, but that might give you heartburn at night..? Seems like the best option though.