assert语句有两种形式。

简单形式assert <expression>相当于

if __​debug__:
    if not <expression>: raise AssertionError

扩展形式assert <expression1>， <expression2>等价于

if __​debug__:
    if not <expression1>: raise AssertionError(<expression2>)

如果assert后的语句为真，则程序继续执行，但如果assert后的语句为假，则程序报错。就这么简单。

例如:

assert 1>0   #normal execution
assert 0>1   #Traceback (most recent call last):
             #File "<pyshell#11>", line 1, in <module>
             #assert 0>1
             #AssertionError

格式: 断言表达式(参数) 当assert遇到语句时，Python对表达式求值。如果语句不为真，则引发异常(assertionError)。 如果断言失败，Python使用ArgumentExpression作为AssertionError的参数。可以像使用try-except语句一样捕获和处理AssertionError异常，但如果没有处理，它们将终止程序并产生跟踪。 例子:

def KelvinToFahrenheit(Temperature):    
    assert (Temperature >= 0),"Colder than absolute zero!"    
    return ((Temperature-273)*1.8)+32    
print KelvinToFahrenheit(273)    
print int(KelvinToFahrenheit(505.78))    
print KelvinToFahrenheit(-5)    

当执行上面的代码时，它会产生以下结果:

32.0
451
Traceback (most recent call last):    
  File "test.py", line 9, in <module>    
    print KelvinToFahrenheit(-5)    
  File "test.py", line 4, in KelvinToFahrenheit    
    assert (Temperature >= 0),"Colder than absolute zero!"    
AssertionError: Colder than absolute zero!    

在Pycharm中，如果你使用assert和isinstance来声明对象的类型，它会让你在编码时访问父对象的方法和属性，它会自动完成。

例如，self。object1。object2是MyClass对象。

import MyClasss

def code_it(self):
    testObject = self.object1.object2 # at this point, program doesn't know that testObject  is a MyClass object yet
    assert isinstance(testObject , MyClasss) # now the program knows testObject is a MyClass object
    testObject.do_it() # from this point on, PyCharm will be able to auto-complete when you are working on testObject

>>>this_is_very_complex_function_result = 9
>>>c = this_is_very_complex_function_result
>>>test_us = (c < 4)

>>> #first we try without assert
>>>if test_us == True:
    print("YES! I am right!")
else:
    print("I am Wrong, but the program still RUNS!")

I am Wrong, but the program still RUNS!


>>> #now we try with assert
>>> assert test_us
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#52>", line 1, in <module>
    assert test_us
AssertionError
>>> 

我的简单解释是:

如果表达式为假，assert会引发AssertionError，否则只是继续代码，如果有逗号，无论它是什么，它都会在逗号后引发AssertionError: whatever，而to code则是:引发AssertionError(逗号后的whatever)

相关教程:

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/assertions_in_python.htm