在SQL Server vNext中，这将内置STRING_AGG函数。在STRING_AGG（Transact-SQL）中了解有关它的更多信息。

SELECT STUFF((SELECT ', ' + name FROM [table] FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 2, '')

下面是一个示例：

DECLARE @t TABLE (name VARCHAR(10))
INSERT INTO @t VALUES ('Peter'), ('Paul'), ('Mary')
SELECT STUFF((SELECT ', ' + name FROM @t FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 2, '')
--Peter, Paul, Mary

SQL Server 2005或更高版本

CREATE TABLE dbo.Students
(
    StudentId INT
    , Name VARCHAR(50)
    , CONSTRAINT PK_Students PRIMARY KEY (StudentId)
);

CREATE TABLE dbo.Subjects
(
    SubjectId INT
    , Name VARCHAR(50)
    , CONSTRAINT PK_Subjects PRIMARY KEY (SubjectId)
);

CREATE TABLE dbo.Schedules
(
    StudentId INT
    , SubjectId INT
    , CONSTRAINT PK__Schedule PRIMARY KEY (StudentId, SubjectId)
    , CONSTRAINT FK_Schedule_Students FOREIGN KEY (StudentId) REFERENCES dbo.Students (StudentId)
    , CONSTRAINT FK_Schedule_Subjects FOREIGN KEY (SubjectId) REFERENCES dbo.Subjects (SubjectId)
);

INSERT dbo.Students (StudentId, Name) VALUES
    (1, 'Mary')
    , (2, 'John')
    , (3, 'Sam')
    , (4, 'Alaina')
    , (5, 'Edward')
;

INSERT dbo.Subjects (SubjectId, Name) VALUES
    (1, 'Physics')
    , (2, 'Geography')
    , (3, 'French')
    , (4, 'Gymnastics')
;

INSERT dbo.Schedules (StudentId, SubjectId) VALUES
    (1, 1)        --Mary, Physics
    , (2, 1)    --John, Physics
    , (3, 1)    --Sam, Physics
    , (4, 2)    --Alaina, Geography
    , (5, 2)    --Edward, Geography
;

SELECT
    sub.SubjectId
    , sub.Name AS [SubjectName]
    , ISNULL( x.Students, '') AS Students
FROM
    dbo.Subjects sub
    OUTER APPLY
    (
        SELECT
            CASE ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY stu.Name) WHEN 1 THEN '' ELSE ', ' END
            + stu.Name
        FROM
            dbo.Students stu
            INNER JOIN dbo.Schedules sch
                ON stu.StudentId = sch.StudentId
        WHERE
            sch.SubjectId = sub.SubjectId
        ORDER BY
            stu.Name
        FOR XML PATH('')
    ) x (Students)
;

PostgreSQL数组非常棒。例子：

创建一些测试数据：

postgres=# \c test
You are now connected to database "test" as user "hgimenez".
test=# create table names (name text);
CREATE TABLE
test=# insert into names (name) values ('Peter'), ('Paul'), ('Mary');
INSERT 0 3
test=# select * from names;
 name
-------
 Peter
 Paul
 Mary
(3 rows)

将它们聚合到一个数组中：

test=# select array_agg(name) from names;
 array_agg
-------------------
 {Peter,Paul,Mary}
(1 row)

将数组转换为逗号分隔的字符串：

test=# select array_to_string(array_agg(name), ', ') from names;
 array_to_string
-------------------
 Peter, Paul, Mary
(1 row)

DONE

由于PostgreSQL 9.0，引用删除的答案“没有名字的马”更容易：

select string_agg(name, ',') 
from names;

使用XML帮助我用逗号分隔行。对于额外的逗号，我们可以使用SQL Server的replace函数。使用AS“data（）”将用空格连接行，而不是添加逗号，稍后可以用逗号替换，语法如下所示。

REPLACE(
        (select FName AS 'data()'  from NameList  for xml path(''))
         , ' ', ', ') 

如果您使用的是SQL Server 2017或Azure，请参阅Mathieu Renda的回答。

当我试图连接两个具有一对多关系的表时，我也遇到了类似的问题。在SQL2005中，我发现XMLPATH方法可以非常容易地处理行的连接。

如果有一个名为STUDENTS的表

SubjectID       StudentName
----------      -------------
1               Mary
1               John
1               Sam
2               Alaina
2               Edward

我期望的结果是：

SubjectID       StudentName
----------      -------------
1               Mary, John, Sam
2               Alaina, Edward

我使用了以下T-SQL：

SELECT Main.SubjectID,
       LEFT(Main.Students,Len(Main.Students)-1) As "Students"
FROM
    (
        SELECT DISTINCT ST2.SubjectID, 
            (
                SELECT ST1.StudentName + ',' AS [text()]
                FROM dbo.Students ST1
                WHERE ST1.SubjectID = ST2.SubjectID
                ORDER BY ST1.SubjectID
                FOR XML PATH (''), TYPE
            ).value('text()[1]','nvarchar(max)') [Students]
        FROM dbo.Students ST2
    ) [Main]

如果您可以在开头插入逗号并使用子字符串跳过第一个逗号，那么您可以以更紧凑的方式执行相同的操作，这样就不需要执行子查询：

SELECT DISTINCT ST2.SubjectID, 
    SUBSTRING(
        (
            SELECT ','+ST1.StudentName  AS [text()]
            FROM dbo.Students ST1
            WHERE ST1.SubjectID = ST2.SubjectID
            ORDER BY ST1.SubjectID
            FOR XML PATH (''), TYPE
        ).value('text()[1]','nvarchar(max)'), 2, 1000) [Students]
FROM dbo.Students ST2