考虑一个包含名称的数据库表,其中有三行:
Peter
Paul
Mary
有没有一种简单的方法可以把它变成彼得、保罗、玛丽的一串?
考虑一个包含名称的数据库表,其中有三行:
Peter
Paul
Mary
有没有一种简单的方法可以把它变成彼得、保罗、玛丽的一串?
当前回答
虽然为时已晚,而且已经有了许多解决方案。下面是MySQL的简单解决方案:
SELECT t1.id,
GROUP_CONCAT(t1.id) ids
FROM table t1 JOIN table t2 ON (t1.id = t2.id)
GROUP BY t1.id
其他回答
使用COALESCE-从这里了解更多信息
例如:
102103104
然后在SQL Server中编写以下代码,
Declare @Numbers AS Nvarchar(MAX) -- It must not be MAX if you have few numbers
SELECT @Numbers = COALESCE(@Numbers + ',', '') + Number
FROM TableName where Number IS NOT NULL
SELECT @Numbers
输出将是:
102,103,104
我通常使用这样的select连接SQL Server中的字符串:
with lines as
(
select
row_number() over(order by id) id, -- id is a line id
line -- line of text.
from
source -- line source
),
result_lines as
(
select
id,
cast(line as nvarchar(max)) line
from
lines
where
id = 1
union all
select
l.id,
cast(r.line + N', ' + l.line as nvarchar(max))
from
lines l
inner join
result_lines r
on
l.id = r.id + 1
)
select top 1
line
from
result_lines
order by
id desc
SQL Server 2005或更高版本
CREATE TABLE dbo.Students
(
StudentId INT
, Name VARCHAR(50)
, CONSTRAINT PK_Students PRIMARY KEY (StudentId)
);
CREATE TABLE dbo.Subjects
(
SubjectId INT
, Name VARCHAR(50)
, CONSTRAINT PK_Subjects PRIMARY KEY (SubjectId)
);
CREATE TABLE dbo.Schedules
(
StudentId INT
, SubjectId INT
, CONSTRAINT PK__Schedule PRIMARY KEY (StudentId, SubjectId)
, CONSTRAINT FK_Schedule_Students FOREIGN KEY (StudentId) REFERENCES dbo.Students (StudentId)
, CONSTRAINT FK_Schedule_Subjects FOREIGN KEY (SubjectId) REFERENCES dbo.Subjects (SubjectId)
);
INSERT dbo.Students (StudentId, Name) VALUES
(1, 'Mary')
, (2, 'John')
, (3, 'Sam')
, (4, 'Alaina')
, (5, 'Edward')
;
INSERT dbo.Subjects (SubjectId, Name) VALUES
(1, 'Physics')
, (2, 'Geography')
, (3, 'French')
, (4, 'Gymnastics')
;
INSERT dbo.Schedules (StudentId, SubjectId) VALUES
(1, 1) --Mary, Physics
, (2, 1) --John, Physics
, (3, 1) --Sam, Physics
, (4, 2) --Alaina, Geography
, (5, 2) --Edward, Geography
;
SELECT
sub.SubjectId
, sub.Name AS [SubjectName]
, ISNULL( x.Students, '') AS Students
FROM
dbo.Subjects sub
OUTER APPLY
(
SELECT
CASE ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY stu.Name) WHEN 1 THEN '' ELSE ', ' END
+ stu.Name
FROM
dbo.Students stu
INNER JOIN dbo.Schedules sch
ON stu.StudentId = sch.StudentId
WHERE
sch.SubjectId = sub.SubjectId
ORDER BY
stu.Name
FOR XML PATH('')
) x (Students)
;
此答案需要服务器上的某些权限才能工作。
装配是一个很好的选择。有很多网站解释如何创建它。我认为解释得很好的就是这个。
如果您愿意,我已经创建了程序集,可以在这里下载DLL文件。
下载后,需要在SQL Server中运行以下脚本:
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1
RECONFIGURE;
EXEC sp_configure 'clr strict security', 1;
RECONFIGURE;
CREATE Assembly concat_assembly
AUTHORIZATION dbo
FROM '<PATH TO Concat.dll IN SERVER>'
WITH PERMISSION_SET = SAFE;
GO
CREATE AGGREGATE dbo.concat (
@Value NVARCHAR(MAX)
, @Delimiter NVARCHAR(4000)
) RETURNS NVARCHAR(MAX)
EXTERNAL Name concat_assembly.[Concat.Concat];
GO
sp_configure 'clr enabled', 1;
RECONFIGURE
请注意,服务器可以访问程序集的路径。由于您已成功完成所有步骤,因此可以使用以下功能:
SELECT dbo.Concat(field1, ',')
FROM Table1
自SQL Server 2017以来,可以使用STRING_AGG函数。
MySQL完整示例:
我们有很多用户可以拥有大量数据,我们希望有一个输出,我们可以在列表中看到所有用户的数据:
结果:
___________________________
| id | rowList |
|-------------------------|
| 0 | 6, 9 |
| 1 | 1,2,3,4,5,7,8,1 |
|_________________________|
表格设置:
CREATE TABLE `Data` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`user_id` int(11) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=11 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
INSERT INTO `Data` (`id`, `user_id`) VALUES
(1, 1),
(2, 1),
(3, 1),
(4, 1),
(5, 1),
(6, 0),
(7, 1),
(8, 1),
(9, 0),
(10, 1);
CREATE TABLE `User` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
INSERT INTO `User` (`id`) VALUES
(0),
(1);
查询:
SELECT User.id, GROUP_CONCAT(Data.id ORDER BY Data.id) AS rowList FROM User LEFT JOIN Data ON User.id = Data.user_id GROUP BY User.id