您使用 INNER JOIN 返回两个表中的所有行,即在结果表中,所有行和列都将有值。

在 OUTER JOIN 中,结果表可能有空列,外部加入可能是左或右。

LEFT OUTER JOIN 从第一张桌子中返回所有行,即使在第二张桌子中没有比赛。

RIGHT OUTER JOIN 从第二张桌子返回所有行,即使在第一张桌子上没有比赛。

一个内部合并只显示行,如果在合并的另一边(右)有一个匹配记录。

一(左)外部连接显示在左侧的每个记录的行列,即使连接的另一(右)侧没有匹配行列,如果没有匹配行列,对另一(右)侧的列将显示零。

答案在每个人的意义上,所以在结果中。

注意:在 SQLite 中没有 RIGHT OUTER JOIN 或 FULL OUTER JOIN. 而且在 MySQL 中也没有 FULL OUTER JOIN。

我的答案是基于上面的笔记。

如果你有兩個桌子,如下:

--[table1]               --[table2]
id | name                id | name
---+-------              ---+-------
1  | a1                  1  | a2
2  | b1                  3  | b2

---

CROSS JOIN / OUTER JOIN : 您可以使用 CROSS JOIN 或仅仅使用,如下:

SELECT * FROM table1, table2
--[OR]
SELECT * FROM table1 CROSS JOIN table2

--[Results:]
id | name | id | name 
---+------+----+------
1  | a1   | 1  | a2
1  | a1   | 3  | b2
2  | b1   | 1  | a2
2  | b1   | 3  | b2

---

INNER JOIN : 如果您想根据表1.id = 表2.id 等关系添加过滤器,您可以使用 INNER JOIN:

SELECT * FROM table1, table2 WHERE table1.id = table2.id
--[OR]
SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.id = table2.id

--[Results:]
id | name | id | name 
---+------+----+------
1  | a1   | 1  | a2

---

左 [外] 加入 : 如果您希望在上面的结果中包含一个表中的所有行 - 相同的关系 - 您可以使用左加入: (为右加入,只需更改表的位置)

SELECT * FROM table1, table2 WHERE table1.id = table2.id 
UNION ALL
SELECT *, Null, Null FROM table1 WHERE Not table1.id In (SELECT id FROM table2)
--[OR]
SELECT * FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table2 ON table1.id = table2.id

--[Results:]
id | name | id   | name 
---+------+------+------
1  | a1   | 1    | a2
2  | b1   | Null | Null

---

FULL OUTER JOIN : 如果您也希望在您的结果中包含其他表中的所有行,您可以使用 FULL OUTER JOIN:

SELECT * FROM table1, table2 WHERE table1.id = table2.id
UNION ALL
SELECT *, Null, Null FROM table1 WHERE Not table1.id In (SELECT id FROM table2)
UNION ALL
SELECT Null, Null, * FROM table2 WHERE Not table2.id In (SELECT id FROM table1)
--[OR] (recommended for SQLite)
SELECT * FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table2 ON table1.id = table2.id
UNION ALL
SELECT * FROM table2 LEFT JOIN table1 ON table2.id = table1.id
WHERE table1.id IS NULL
--[OR]
SELECT * FROM table1 FULL OUTER JOIN table2 On table1.id = table2.id

--[Results:]
id   | name | id   | name 
-----+------+------+------
1    | a1   | 1    | a2
2    | b1   | Null | Null
Null | Null | 3    | b2

好吧,作为你的需要,你选择每一个覆盖你的需要。

这些两个表构成了下面的 JOIN 代表性的基础:

SELECT *
  FROM citizen
 CROSS JOIN postalcode

此分類上一篇

SELECT *
  FROM citizen    c
  JOIN postalcode p ON c.postal = p.postal

左上加入与左上加入相同

SELECT *
  FROM citizen         c
  LEFT JOIN postalcode p ON c.postal = p.postal

游戏的数据

CREATE TABLE citizen (id      NUMBER,
                      name    VARCHAR2(20),
                      postal  NUMBER,  -- <-- could do with a redesign to postalcode.id instead.
                      leader  NUMBER);

CREATE TABLE postalcode (id      NUMBER,
                         postal  NUMBER,
                         city    VARCHAR2(20),
                         area    VARCHAR2(20));

INSERT INTO citizen (id, name, postal, leader)
              SELECT 1, 'Smith', 2200,  null FROM DUAL
        UNION SELECT 2, 'Green', 31006, 1    FROM DUAL
        UNION SELECT 3, 'Jensen', 623,  1    FROM DUAL;

INSERT INTO postalcode (id, postal, city, area)
                 SELECT 1, 2200,     'BigCity',         'Geancy'  FROM DUAL
           UNION SELECT 2, 31006,    'SmallTown',       'Snizkim' FROM DUAL
           UNION SELECT 3, 31006,    'Settlement',      'Moon'    FROM DUAL  -- <-- Uuh-uhh.
           UNION SELECT 4, 78567390, 'LookoutTowerX89', 'Space'   FROM DUAL;

与加入和在哪里玩时的混乱边界

SELECT *
  FROM citizen          c
  CROSS JOIN postalcode p
 WHERE c.postal = p.postal -- < -- The WHERE condition is limiting the resulting rows

INNER JOIN成为一个卡特西亚产品,它与The General Idea/CROSS JOIN相同:

SELECT *
  FROM citizen    c
  JOIN postalcode p ON 1 = 1  -- < -- The ON condition makes it a CROSS JOIN

SELECT *
  FROM citizen         c
  LEFT JOIN postalcode p ON 1 = 1 -- < -- The ON condition makes it a CROSS JOIN

SELECT *
  FROM citizen         c
  LEFT JOIN postalcode p ON c.postal = p.postal
 WHERE p.postal IS NOT NULL -- < -- removed the row where there's no mathcing result from postalcode

---

十字路口加入

此分類上一篇

试图像这样代表它:

内心加入

SELECT *
  FROM citizen c1
  JOIN citizen c2 ON c1.id = c2.leader

外面加入

此分類上一篇

哪里条款 - 做意义

SELECT *
  FROM citizen          c
 CROSS JOIN postalcode  p
 WHERE c.name = 'Smith'
   AND p.area = 'Moon';

此分類上一篇

而且,这就有意义了。

兴趣

SELECT *
  FROM citizen          c
 CROSS JOIN postalcode  p
 WHERE c.name = 'Smith'
INTERSECT
SELECT *
  FROM citizen          c
 CROSS JOIN postalcode  p
 WHERE p.area = 'Moon';

联盟

SELECT *
  FROM citizen          c
 CROSS JOIN postalcode  p
 WHERE c.name = 'Smith'
UNION
SELECT *
  FROM citizen          c
 CROSS JOIN postalcode  p
 WHERE p.area = 'Moon';

相当于:

SELECT *
  FROM citizen          c
 CROSS JOIN postalcode  p
 WHERE c.name = 'Smith'
   OR p.area = 'Moon';

...并给出结果:

此外,这里有一个Venn图表有意义:

此分類上一篇

SELECT *
  FROM citizen
 WHERE name = 'Smith'

SELECT *
  FROM postalcode
 WHERE area = 'Moon';

试图将结果与联合会相结合,提供一个

ORA-01790: expression must have same datatype as corresponding expression

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INNER JOIN,LEVT/RIGHT OUTER JOIN的准确算法如下:

從第一個表中取出每個行: a 考慮從第二個表中取出所有行: (a,b[i]) 評估對每個對方的 ON... 條件: ON(a,b[i] = 真實/錯誤? 當條件評估為真實時,返回相結合的行(a,b[i])。

... ON T1.title = T2.title AND T1.version < T2.version ( => see this post as a sample use: Select only rows with max value on a column)... ON T1.y IS NULL... ON 1 = 0 (just as sample)

此分類上一篇

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此分類上一篇

注意:左加入 = 左外加入,右加入 = 右外加入。

内部加入

回收相匹配的行只,也就是说, A 交叉 B。

此分類上一篇

SELECT *
FROM dbo.Students S
INNER JOIN dbo.Advisors A
    ON S.Advisor_ID = A.Advisor_ID

---

左向外加入

从第一张表中选择所有记录,以及与附件密钥相匹配的第二张表中的任何记录。

此分類上一篇

SELECT *
FROM dbo.Students S
LEFT JOIN dbo.Advisors A
    ON S.Advisor_ID = A.Advisor_ID

---

全外加入

从第二张表中选择所有记录,以及与附件密钥相匹配的第一张表中的任何记录。

此分類上一篇

SELECT *
FROM dbo.Students S
FULL JOIN dbo.Advisors A
    ON S.Advisor_ID = A.Advisor_ID

---

参考

内部和外部加入 SQL 示例和加入区块 SQL: JOINS