Public -如果你能看到类，那么你也能看到方法

Private -如果你是类的一部分，那么你可以看到这个方法，否则就不能。

Protected -与Private相同，加上所有后代也可以看到该方法。

静态(类)——还记得“类”和“对象”之间的区别吗?忘掉这些吧。“static”也是如此。类是自身的唯一实例。

静态(方法)——无论何时使用这个方法，它都有一个独立于它所属类的实际实例的参考框架。

我认为这与好的面向对象设计有关。如果您是库的开发人员，则希望隐藏库的内部工作方式。这样，以后就可以修改库的内部工作方式。所以你把你的成员和辅助方法设为私有，只有接口方法是公共的。应该被覆盖的方法应该受到保护。

这些访问修饰符指定成员可见的位置。你应该读读这个。以IainMH给出的链接为起点。

静态成员是每个类一个，而不是每个实例一个。

c#中所有访问修饰符的描述

using System;

namespace ClassLibrary1
{
    public class SameAssemblyBaseClass
    {
        public string publicVariable = "public";
        protected string protectedVariable = "protected";
        protected internal string protected_InternalVariable = "protected internal";
        internal string internalVariable = "internal";
        private string privateVariable = "private";
        public void test()
        {
            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(privateVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(publicVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(protectedVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(internalVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(protected_InternalVariable);
        }
    }

    public class SameAssemblyDerivedClass : SameAssemblyBaseClass
    {
        public void test()
        {
            SameAssemblyDerivedClass p = new SameAssemblyDerivedClass();

            // NOT OK
            // Console.WriteLine(privateVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(p.publicVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(p.protectedVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(p.internalVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(p.protected_InternalVariable);
        }
    }

    public class SameAssemblyDifferentClass
    {
        public SameAssemblyDifferentClass()
        {
            SameAssemblyBaseClass p = new SameAssemblyBaseClass();

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(p.publicVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(p.internalVariable);

            // NOT OK
            // Console.WriteLine(privateVariable);

            // Error : 'ClassLibrary1.SameAssemblyBaseClass.protectedVariable' is inaccessible due to its protection level
            //Console.WriteLine(p.protectedVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(p.protected_InternalVariable);
        }
    }
}

 using System;
        using ClassLibrary1;
        namespace ConsoleApplication4

{
    class DifferentAssemblyClass
    {
        public DifferentAssemblyClass()
        {
            SameAssemblyBaseClass p = new SameAssemblyBaseClass();

            // NOT OK
            // Console.WriteLine(p.privateVariable);

            // NOT OK
            // Console.WriteLine(p.internalVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(p.publicVariable);

            // Error : 'ClassLibrary1.SameAssemblyBaseClass.protectedVariable' is inaccessible due to its protection level
            // Console.WriteLine(p.protectedVariable);

            // Error : 'ClassLibrary1.SameAssemblyBaseClass.protected_InternalVariable' is inaccessible due to its protection level
            // Console.WriteLine(p.protected_InternalVariable);
        }
    }

    class DifferentAssemblyDerivedClass : SameAssemblyBaseClass
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            DifferentAssemblyDerivedClass p = new DifferentAssemblyDerivedClass();

            // NOT OK
            // Console.WriteLine(p.privateVariable);

            // NOT OK
            //Console.WriteLine(p.internalVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(p.publicVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(p.protectedVariable);

            // OK
            Console.WriteLine(p.protected_InternalVariable);

            SameAssemblyDerivedClass dd = new SameAssemblyDerivedClass();
            dd.test();
        }
    }
}

访问修饰符

从learn.microsoft.com:

public The type or member can be accessed by any other code in the same assembly or another assembly that references it. private The type or member can only be accessed by code in the same class or struct. protected The type or member can only be accessed by code in the same class or struct, or in a derived class. private protected (added in C# 7.2) The type or member can only be accessed by code in the same class or struct, or in a derived class from the same assembly, but not from another assembly. internal The type or member can be accessed by any code in the same assembly, but not from another assembly. protected internal The type or member can be accessed by any code in the same assembly, or by any derived class in another assembly.

如果没有设置访问修饰符，则使用默认访问修饰符。所以总有某种形式的访问修饰符，即使它没有设置。

静态修饰符

类上的静态修饰符意味着该类不能被实例化，并且它的所有成员都是静态的。静态成员只有一个版本，不管创建了多少个其封闭类型的实例。

静态类基本上与非静态类相同，但有一个区别:静态类不能被外部实例化。换句话说，不能使用new关键字创建类类型的变量。因为没有实例变量，所以可以使用类名本身访问静态类的成员。

然而，存在一种静态构造函数。任何类都可以有其中一个，包括静态类。它们不能被直接调用，也不能有参数(除了类本身的任何类型参数)。在创建第一个实例或引用任何静态成员之前，会自动调用静态构造函数来初始化类。看起来是这样的:

static class Foo()
{
    static Foo()
    {
        Bar = "fubar";
    }
    
    public static string Bar { get; set; }
}

静态类通常被用作服务，你可以这样使用它们:

MyStaticClass.ServiceMethod(...);