我做了一个函数,它将在字典中查找年龄并显示匹配的名字:
dictionary = {'george' : 16, 'amber' : 19}
search_age = raw_input("Provide age")
for age in dictionary.values():
if age == search_age:
name = dictionary[age]
print name
我知道如何比较和查找年龄,只是不知道如何显示这个人的名字。此外,由于第5行,我得到了一个KeyError。我知道这是不正确的,但我不知道如何让它向后搜索。
我意识到已经有很长一段时间了,最初的提问者可能不再需要答案,但如果您实际上可以控制这段代码,那么这些答案都不是好的答案。您只是使用了错误的数据结构。这是双向字典用例的完美说明:
>>> from collections import defaultdict, UserDict
>>> class TwoWayDict(UserDict):
... def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
... super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
... self.val_to_keys = defaultdict(list)
... def __setitem__(self, key, value):
... super().__setitem__(key, value)
... self.val_to_keys[value].append(key)
... def get_keys_for_val(self, value):
... return self.val_to_keys[value]
...
>>> d = TwoWayDict()
>>> d['a'] = 1
>>> d['b'] = 1
>>> d.get_keys_for_val(1)
['a', 'b']
为插入增加了极小的开销,但您保持了恒定的查找时间,除了现在是双向查找。不需要在每次需要时从头构造反向映射。只要在你需要的时候存储它并访问它。
此外,这些答案中有许多甚至是不正确的,因为很明显,许多人可能具有相同的年龄,但他们只返回第一个匹配的键,而不是所有的键。
我试着阅读尽可能多的答案,以防止给出重复的答案。然而,如果你正在处理一个包含在列表中的值的字典,并且如果你想获得具有特定元素的键,你可以这样做:
d = {'Adams': [18, 29, 30],
'Allen': [9, 27],
'Anderson': [24, 26],
'Bailey': [7, 30],
'Baker': [31, 7, 10, 19],
'Barnes': [22, 31, 10, 21],
'Bell': [2, 24, 17, 26]}
现在让我们找到值为24的名称。
for key in d.keys():
if 24 in d[key]:
print(key)
这也适用于多个值。
以下是我对这个问题的看法。:)
我刚刚开始学习Python,所以我称之为:
“初学者可以理解的”解决方案。
#Code without comments.
list1 = {'george':16,'amber':19, 'Garry':19}
search_age = raw_input("Provide age: ")
print
search_age = int(search_age)
listByAge = {}
for name, age in list1.items():
if age == search_age:
age = str(age)
results = name + " " +age
print results
age2 = int(age)
listByAge[name] = listByAge.get(name,0)+age2
print
print listByAge
.
#Code with comments.
#I've added another name with the same age to the list.
list1 = {'george':16,'amber':19, 'Garry':19}
#Original code.
search_age = raw_input("Provide age: ")
print
#Because raw_input gives a string, we need to convert it to int,
#so we can search the dictionary list with it.
search_age = int(search_age)
#Here we define another empty dictionary, to store the results in a more
#permanent way.
listByAge = {}
#We use double variable iteration, so we get both the name and age
#on each run of the loop.
for name, age in list1.items():
#Here we check if the User Defined age = the age parameter
#for this run of the loop.
if age == search_age:
#Here we convert Age back to string, because we will concatenate it
#with the person's name.
age = str(age)
#Here we concatenate.
results = name + " " +age
#If you want just the names and ages displayed you can delete
#the code after "print results". If you want them stored, don't...
print results
#Here we create a second variable that uses the value of
#the age for the current person in the list.
#For example if "Anna" is "10", age2 = 10,
#integer value which we can use in addition.
age2 = int(age)
#Here we use the method that checks or creates values in dictionaries.
#We create a new entry for each name that matches the User Defined Age
#with default value of 0, and then we add the value from age2.
listByAge[name] = listByAge.get(name,0)+age2
#Here we print the new dictionary with the users with User Defined Age.
print
print listByAge
.
#Results
Running: *\test.py (Thu Jun 06 05:10:02 2013)
Provide age: 19
amber 19
Garry 19
{'amber': 19, 'Garry': 19}
Execution Successful!
如果你想要名字和年龄,你应该使用.items(),它会给你key (key, value)元组:
for name, age in mydict.items():
if age == search_age:
print name
您可以在for循环中将元组解包为两个单独的变量,然后匹配年龄。
如果你通常要根据年龄查找,而且没有两个人的年龄相同,你还应该考虑颠倒字典:
{16: 'george', 19: 'amber'}
所以你可以通过这样做来查找这个名字
mydict[search_age]
我一直称它为mydict而不是list,因为list是内置类型的名称,你不应该将这个名称用于其他任何类型。
你甚至可以在一行中得到给定年龄的所有人的列表:
[name for name, age in mydict.items() if age == search_age]
或者如果每个年龄只有一个人:
next((name for name, age in mydict.items() if age == search_age), None)
如果没有这个年龄的人,就会给你None。
最后,如果字典很长并且你使用的是Python 2,你应该考虑使用.iteritems()而不是像Cat Plus Plus在他的回答中所做的那样使用.items(),因为它不需要复制列表。