下面是一个在python2和python3中都适用的解决方案:

dict((v, k) for k, v in list.items())[search_age]

直到[search_age]的部分构造反向字典(其中值是键，反之亦然)。 你可以创建一个helper方法来缓存这个反向字典，就像这样:

def find_name(age, _rev_lookup=dict((v, k) for k, v in ages_by_name.items())):
    return _rev_lookup[age]

或者更一般的是一个工厂，它会为你的一个或多个列表创建一个按年龄查找的方法

def create_name_finder(ages_by_name):
    names_by_age = dict((v, k) for k, v in ages_by_name.items())
    def find_name(age):
      return names_by_age[age]

所以你可以这样做:

find_teen_by_age = create_name_finder({'george':16,'amber':19})
...
find_teen_by_age(search_age)

注意，我将list重命名为ages_by_name，因为前者是预定义的类型。

Cat Plus Plus提到，字典并不是这样使用的。原因如下:

字典的定义类似于数学中的映射。在这种情况下，字典是K(键集)到V(值)的映射-反之亦然。如果对字典进行解引用，则希望只返回一个值。但是，不同的键映射到相同的值是完全合法的，例如:

d = { k1 : v1, k2 : v2, k3 : v1}

当你根据键的对应值查找它时，你实际上是在颠倒字典。但是映射并不一定是可逆的!在这个例子中，请求v1对应的键可以得到k1或k3。你应该把两者都退回吗?只是第一个发现的?这就是为什么indexof()对于字典是未定义的。

如果你知道你的数据，你可以这样做。但是API不能假设任意字典是可逆的，因此缺少这样的操作。

你需要使用字典和字典的倒序。这意味着您需要另一种数据结构。如果你使用的是python 3，则使用enum模块;如果你使用的是python 2.7，则使用为python 2反向移植的enum34模块。

例子:

from enum import Enum

class Color(Enum): 
    red = 1 
    green = 2 
    blue = 3

>>> print(Color.red) 
Color.red

>>> print(repr(Color.red)) 
<color.red: 1=""> 

>>> type(Color.red) 
<enum 'color'=""> 
>>> isinstance(Color.green, Color) 
True 

>>> member = Color.red 
>>> member.name 
'red' 
>>> member.value 
1 

key = next((k for k in my_dict if my_dict[k] == val), None)

def get_Value(dic,value):
    for name in dic:
        if dic[name] == value:
            del dic[name]
            return name

以下是我对这个问题的看法。：） 我刚刚开始学习Python，所以我称之为:

“初学者可以理解的”解决方案。

#Code without comments.

list1 = {'george':16,'amber':19, 'Garry':19}
search_age = raw_input("Provide age: ")
print
search_age = int(search_age)

listByAge = {}

for name, age in list1.items():
    if age == search_age:
        age = str(age)
        results = name + " " +age
        print results

        age2 = int(age)
        listByAge[name] = listByAge.get(name,0)+age2

print
print listByAge

.

#Code with comments.
#I've added another name with the same age to the list.
list1 = {'george':16,'amber':19, 'Garry':19}
#Original code.
search_age = raw_input("Provide age: ")
print
#Because raw_input gives a string, we need to convert it to int,
#so we can search the dictionary list with it.
search_age = int(search_age)

#Here we define another empty dictionary, to store the results in a more 
#permanent way.
listByAge = {}

#We use double variable iteration, so we get both the name and age 
#on each run of the loop.
for name, age in list1.items():
    #Here we check if the User Defined age = the age parameter 
    #for this run of the loop.
    if age == search_age:
        #Here we convert Age back to string, because we will concatenate it 
        #with the person's name. 
        age = str(age)
        #Here we concatenate.
        results = name + " " +age
        #If you want just the names and ages displayed you can delete
        #the code after "print results". If you want them stored, don't...
        print results

        #Here we create a second variable that uses the value of
        #the age for the current person in the list.
        #For example if "Anna" is "10", age2 = 10,
        #integer value which we can use in addition.
        age2 = int(age)
        #Here we use the method that checks or creates values in dictionaries.
        #We create a new entry for each name that matches the User Defined Age
        #with default value of 0, and then we add the value from age2.
        listByAge[name] = listByAge.get(name,0)+age2

#Here we print the new dictionary with the users with User Defined Age.
print
print listByAge

.

#Results
Running: *\test.py (Thu Jun 06 05:10:02 2013)

Provide age: 19

amber 19
Garry 19

{'amber': 19, 'Garry': 19}

Execution Successful!