Member in base class : Private   Protected   Public   

继承类型:对象继承为:

Private            :   Inaccessible   Private     Private   
Protected          :   Inaccessible   Protected   Protected  
Public             :   Inaccessible   Protected   Public

class A 
{
    public:
       int x;
    protected:
       int y;
    private:
       int z;
};

class B : public A
{
    // x is public
    // y is protected
    // z is not accessible from B
};

class C : protected A
{
    // x is protected
    // y is protected
    // z is not accessible from C
};

class D : private A    // 'private' is default for classes
{
    // x is private
    // y is private
    // z is not accessible from D
};

重要提示:类B, C和D都包含变量x, y和z。这只是访问的问题。

关于受保护继承和私有继承的使用，你可以在这里阅读。

如果你公开地从另一个类继承，每个人都知道你在继承，任何人都可以通过基类指针多态地使用你。

如果你继承受保护的只有你的孩子类将能够多态地使用你。

如果你私有继承，只有你自己能够执行父类方法。

这基本上象征着其他类所拥有的关于你与父类关系的知识

我发现了一个简单的答案，所以我想把它贴出来，作为我未来的参考。

它来自http://www.learncpp.com/cpp-tutorial/115-inheritance-and-access-specifiers/的链接

class Base
{
public:
    int m_nPublic; // can be accessed by anybody
private:
    int m_nPrivate; // can only be accessed by Base member functions (but not derived classes)
protected:
    int m_nProtected; // can be accessed by Base member functions, or derived classes.
};

class Derived: public Base
{
public:
    Derived()
    {
        // Derived's access to Base members is not influenced by the type of inheritance used,
        // so the following is always true:

        m_nPublic = 1; // allowed: can access public base members from derived class
        m_nPrivate = 2; // not allowed: can not access private base members from derived class
        m_nProtected = 3; // allowed: can access protected base members from derived class
    }
};

int main()
{
    Base cBase;
    cBase.m_nPublic = 1; // allowed: can access public members from outside class
    cBase.m_nPrivate = 2; // not allowed: can not access private members from outside class
    cBase.m_nProtected = 3; // not allowed: can not access protected members from outside class
}

它与基类的公共成员如何从派生类中公开有关。

Public——>基类的Public成员为Public(通常为默认值) Protected ->基类的公共成员将受到保护 Private ->基类的public成员为Private

As litb points out, public inheritance is traditional inheritance that you'll see in most programming languages. That is it models an "IS-A" relationship. Private inheritance, something AFAIK peculiar to C++, is an "IMPLEMENTED IN TERMS OF" relationship. That is you want to use the public interface in the derived class, but don't want the user of the derived class to have access to that interface. Many argue that in this case you should aggregate the base class, that is instead of having the base class as a private base, make in a member of derived in order to reuse base class's functionality.

公共继承对IS-A关系建模。与

class B {};
class D : public B {};

每个D都是B。

私有继承为IS-IMPLEMENTED-USING关系建模(或者其他什么关系)。与

class B {};
class D : private B {};

D不是B，但每个D都在实现过程中使用了B。私有继承总是可以通过使用包含来消除:

class B {};
class D {
  private: 
    B b_;
};

这个D也可以用B实现，在这种情况下使用它的b_。与继承相比，包含在类型之间的耦合不那么紧密，因此通常应该首选它。有时使用容器代替私有继承不像私有继承那样方便。这通常是懒惰的蹩脚借口。

我想没有人知道什么是受保护的继承模型。至少我还没看到任何令人信服的解释。