我想保持我的.bashrc和.bash_login文件在版本控制，以便我可以在我使用的所有计算机之间使用它们。问题是我有一些操作系统特定的别名，所以我正在寻找一种方法来确定脚本是否在Mac OS X, Linux或Cygwin上运行。
在Bash脚本中检测操作系统的正确方法是什么?
当前回答
uname
or
uname -a
如果你想了解更多信息
其他回答
bash manpage说变量OSTYPE存储了操作系统的名称:
OSTYPE自动设置为描述bash正在执行的操作系统的字符串。默认为system- 相关的。
它在这里被设置为linux-gnu。
尝试使用“uname”。例如，在Linux中:"uname -a"。
根据手册页面，uname符合SVr4和POSIX，所以它应该也适用于Mac OS X和Cygwin，但我不能确认。
顺便说一句:$OSTYPE在这里也被设置为linux-gnu:)
如果有人对检测WSL和WSL版本2感兴趣，我也会使用这个工具。
#!/usr/bin/env bash
unameOut=$(uname -a)
case "${unameOut}" in
*Microsoft*) OS="WSL";; #must be first since Windows subsystem for linux will have Linux in the name too
*microsoft*) OS="WSL2";; #WARNING: My v2 uses ubuntu 20.4 at the moment slightly different name may not always work
Linux*) OS="Linux";;
Darwin*) OS="Mac";;
CYGWIN*) OS="Cygwin";;
MINGW*) OS="Windows";;
*Msys) OS="Windows";;
*) OS="UNKNOWN:${unameOut}"
esac
echo ${OS};
下面是一种使用/etc/lsb-release和/etc/os-release(取决于您使用的Linux风格)检测基于Debian和RedHat的Linux操作系统的方法，并基于它采取简单的操作。
#!/bin/bash
set -e
YUM_PACKAGE_NAME="python python-devl python-pip openssl-devel"
DEB_PACKAGE_NAME="python2.7 python-dev python-pip libssl-dev"
if cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep CentOS; then
echo "==============================================="
echo "Installing packages $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME on CentOS"
echo "==============================================="
yum install -y $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Red; then
echo "==============================================="
echo "Installing packages $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME on RedHat"
echo "==============================================="
yum install -y $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Fedora; then
echo "================================================"
echo "Installing packages $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME on Fedorea"
echo "================================================"
yum install -y $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Ubuntu; then
echo "==============================================="
echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Ubuntu"
echo "==============================================="
apt-get update
apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Debian ; then
echo "==============================================="
echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Debian"
echo "==============================================="
apt-get update
apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Mint ; then
echo "============================================="
echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Mint"
echo "============================================="
apt-get update
apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Knoppix ; then
echo "================================================="
echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Kanoppix"
echo "================================================="
apt-get update
apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
else
echo "OS NOT DETECTED, couldn't install package $PACKAGE"
exit 1;
fi
exit 0
Ubuntu Linux的输出示例:
delivery@delivery-E5450$ sudo sh detect_os.sh
[sudo] password for delivery:
NAME="Ubuntu"
===============================================
Installing packages python2.7 python-dev python-pip libssl-dev on Ubuntu
===============================================
Ign http://dl.google.com stable InRelease
Get:1 http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg [916 B]
Get:2 http://dl.google.com stable Release [1.189 B]
...
我认为以下几点应该有用。不过我对win32不太确定。
if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "linux-gnu"* ]]; then
# ...
elif [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then
# Mac OSX
elif [[ "$OSTYPE" == "cygwin" ]]; then
# POSIX compatibility layer and Linux environment emulation for Windows
elif [[ "$OSTYPE" == "msys" ]]; then
# Lightweight shell and GNU utilities compiled for Windows (part of MinGW)
elif [[ "$OSTYPE" == "win32" ]]; then
# I'm not sure this can happen.
elif [[ "$OSTYPE" == "freebsd"* ]]; then
# ...
else
# Unknown.
fi
