我想保持我的.bashrc和.bash_login文件在版本控制，以便我可以在我使用的所有计算机之间使用它们。问题是我有一些操作系统特定的别名，所以我正在寻找一种方法来确定脚本是否在Mac OS X, Linux或Cygwin上运行。
在Bash脚本中检测操作系统的正确方法是什么?
当前回答
这将检查一堆已知文件，以确定linux发行版是Debian还是ubuntu，然后它默认为$OSTYPE变量。
os='Unknown'
unamestr="${OSTYPE//[0-9.]/}"
os=$( compgen -G "/etc/*release" > /dev/null && cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | tr -d 'NAME="' || echo "$unamestr")
echo "$os"
其他回答
我在.bashrc中写了这些糖:
if_os () { [[ $OSTYPE == *$1* ]]; }
if_nix () {
case "$OSTYPE" in
*linux*|*hurd*|*msys*|*cygwin*|*sua*|*interix*) sys="gnu";;
*bsd*|*darwin*) sys="bsd";;
*sunos*|*solaris*|*indiana*|*illumos*|*smartos*) sys="sun";;
esac
[[ "${sys}" == "$1" ]];
}
所以我可以这样做:
if_nix gnu && alias ls='ls --color=auto' && export LS_COLORS="..."
if_nix bsd && export CLICOLORS=on && export LSCOLORS="..."
if_os linux && alias psg="ps -FA | grep" #alternative to pgrep
if_nix bsd && alias psg="ps -alwx | grep -i" #alternative to pgrep
if_os darwin && alias finder="open -R"
你可以使用下面的if子句并根据需要展开它:
if [ "${OSTYPE//[0-9.]/}" == "darwin" ]
then
aminute_ago="-v-1M"
elif [ "${OSTYPE//[0-9.]/}" == "linux-gnu" ]
then
aminute_ago="-d \"1 minute ago\""
fi
下面是一种使用/etc/lsb-release和/etc/os-release(取决于您使用的Linux风格)检测基于Debian和RedHat的Linux操作系统的方法，并基于它采取简单的操作。
#!/bin/bash
set -e
YUM_PACKAGE_NAME="python python-devl python-pip openssl-devel"
DEB_PACKAGE_NAME="python2.7 python-dev python-pip libssl-dev"
if cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep CentOS; then
echo "==============================================="
echo "Installing packages $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME on CentOS"
echo "==============================================="
yum install -y $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Red; then
echo "==============================================="
echo "Installing packages $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME on RedHat"
echo "==============================================="
yum install -y $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Fedora; then
echo "================================================"
echo "Installing packages $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME on Fedorea"
echo "================================================"
yum install -y $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Ubuntu; then
echo "==============================================="
echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Ubuntu"
echo "==============================================="
apt-get update
apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Debian ; then
echo "==============================================="
echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Debian"
echo "==============================================="
apt-get update
apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Mint ; then
echo "============================================="
echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Mint"
echo "============================================="
apt-get update
apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Knoppix ; then
echo "================================================="
echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Kanoppix"
echo "================================================="
apt-get update
apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
else
echo "OS NOT DETECTED, couldn't install package $PACKAGE"
exit 1;
fi
exit 0
Ubuntu Linux的输出示例:
delivery@delivery-E5450$ sudo sh detect_os.sh
[sudo] password for delivery:
NAME="Ubuntu"
===============================================
Installing packages python2.7 python-dev python-pip libssl-dev on Ubuntu
===============================================
Ign http://dl.google.com stable InRelease
Get:1 http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg [916 B]
Get:2 http://dl.google.com stable Release [1.189 B]
...
我倾向于将.bashrc和.bash_alias保存在所有平台都可以访问的文件共享中。这就是我如何在我的.bash_alias中克服这个问题:
if [[ -f (name of share)/.bash_alias_$(uname) ]]; then
. (name of share)/.bash_alias_$(uname)
fi
我有一个。bash_alias_linux的例子:
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
通过这种方式，我将特定于平台的代码和可移植的代码分开，你可以对.bashrc做同样的事情
这将检查一堆已知文件，以确定linux发行版是Debian还是ubuntu，然后它默认为$OSTYPE变量。
os='Unknown'
unamestr="${OSTYPE//[0-9.]/}"
os=$( compgen -G "/etc/*release" > /dev/null && cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | tr -d 'NAME="' || echo "$unamestr")
echo "$os"
