我想保持我的.bashrc和.bash_login文件在版本控制，以便我可以在我使用的所有计算机之间使用它们。问题是我有一些操作系统特定的别名，所以我正在寻找一种方法来确定脚本是否在Mac OS X, Linux或Cygwin上运行。
在Bash脚本中检测操作系统的正确方法是什么?
当前回答
下面是一种使用/etc/lsb-release和/etc/os-release(取决于您使用的Linux风格)检测基于Debian和RedHat的Linux操作系统的方法，并基于它采取简单的操作。
#!/bin/bash
set -e
YUM_PACKAGE_NAME="python python-devl python-pip openssl-devel"
DEB_PACKAGE_NAME="python2.7 python-dev python-pip libssl-dev"
if cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep CentOS; then
echo "==============================================="
echo "Installing packages $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME on CentOS"
echo "==============================================="
yum install -y $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Red; then
echo "==============================================="
echo "Installing packages $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME on RedHat"
echo "==============================================="
yum install -y $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Fedora; then
echo "================================================"
echo "Installing packages $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME on Fedorea"
echo "================================================"
yum install -y $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Ubuntu; then
echo "==============================================="
echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Ubuntu"
echo "==============================================="
apt-get update
apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Debian ; then
echo "==============================================="
echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Debian"
echo "==============================================="
apt-get update
apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Mint ; then
echo "============================================="
echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Mint"
echo "============================================="
apt-get update
apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Knoppix ; then
echo "================================================="
echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Kanoppix"
echo "================================================="
apt-get update
apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
else
echo "OS NOT DETECTED, couldn't install package $PACKAGE"
exit 1;
fi
exit 0
Ubuntu Linux的输出示例:
delivery@delivery-E5450$ sudo sh detect_os.sh
[sudo] password for delivery:
NAME="Ubuntu"
===============================================
Installing packages python2.7 python-dev python-pip libssl-dev on Ubuntu
===============================================
Ign http://dl.google.com stable InRelease
Get:1 http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg [916 B]
Get:2 http://dl.google.com stable Release [1.189 B]
...
其他回答
检测操作系统和CPU类型并不容易移植。我有一个大约100行的sh脚本，可以在非常广泛的Unix平台上运行:自1988年以来我使用过的任何系统。
关键要素是
uname -p是处理器类型，但在现代Unix平台上通常是未知的。 uname -m将在某些Unix系统上给出“机器硬件名称”。 /bin/arch，如果存在，通常会给出处理器的类型。 不带参数的Uname将命名操作系统。
最终，你将不得不考虑平台之间的区别，以及你想把它们做得多好。例如，为了简单起见，我将i386到i686，任何“奔腾*”和任何“AMD*Athlon*”都视为x86。
我的~ /。profile在启动时运行一个a脚本，该脚本将一个变量设置为一个字符串，表示CPU和操作系统的组合。我有特定于平台的bin, man, lib，并包括基于此设置的目录。然后我设置了大量的环境变量。例如，重新格式化邮件的shell脚本可以调用$LIB/mailfmt，这是一个特定于平台的可执行二进制文件。
如果你想抄近路，uname -m和普通的uname会在很多平台上告诉你你想知道什么。当你需要的时候添加其他东西。(和用例，不嵌套if!)
我建议使用这个完整的bash代码
lowercase(){
echo "$1" | sed "y/ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ/abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz/"
}
OS=`lowercase \`uname\``
KERNEL=`uname -r`
MACH=`uname -m`
if [ "{$OS}" == "windowsnt" ]; then
OS=windows
elif [ "{$OS}" == "darwin" ]; then
OS=mac
else
OS=`uname`
if [ "${OS}" = "SunOS" ] ; then
OS=Solaris
ARCH=`uname -p`
OSSTR="${OS} ${REV}(${ARCH} `uname -v`)"
elif [ "${OS}" = "AIX" ] ; then
OSSTR="${OS} `oslevel` (`oslevel -r`)"
elif [ "${OS}" = "Linux" ] ; then
if [ -f /etc/redhat-release ] ; then
DistroBasedOn='RedHat'
DIST=`cat /etc/redhat-release |sed s/\ release.*//`
PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/redhat-release | sed s/.*\(// | sed s/\)//`
REV=`cat /etc/redhat-release | sed s/.*release\ // | sed s/\ .*//`
elif [ -f /etc/SuSE-release ] ; then
DistroBasedOn='SuSe'
PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/SuSE-release | tr "\n" ' '| sed s/VERSION.*//`
REV=`cat /etc/SuSE-release | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/.*=\ //`
elif [ -f /etc/mandrake-release ] ; then
DistroBasedOn='Mandrake'
PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/mandrake-release | sed s/.*\(// | sed s/\)//`
REV=`cat /etc/mandrake-release | sed s/.*release\ // | sed s/\ .*//`
elif [ -f /etc/debian_version ] ; then
DistroBasedOn='Debian'
DIST=`cat /etc/lsb-release | grep '^DISTRIB_ID' | awk -F= '{ print $2 }'`
PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/lsb-release | grep '^DISTRIB_CODENAME' | awk -F= '{ print $2 }'`
REV=`cat /etc/lsb-release | grep '^DISTRIB_RELEASE' | awk -F= '{ print $2 }'`
fi
if [ -f /etc/UnitedLinux-release ] ; then
DIST="${DIST}[`cat /etc/UnitedLinux-release | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/VERSION.*//`]"
fi
OS=`lowercase $OS`
DistroBasedOn=`lowercase $DistroBasedOn`
readonly OS
readonly DIST
readonly DistroBasedOn
readonly PSUEDONAME
readonly REV
readonly KERNEL
readonly MACH
fi
fi
echo $OS
echo $KERNEL
echo $MACH
更多的例子在这里:https://github.com/coto/server-easy-install/blob/master/lib/core.sh
我在.bashrc中写了这些糖:
if_os () { [[ $OSTYPE == *$1* ]]; }
if_nix () {
case "$OSTYPE" in
*linux*|*hurd*|*msys*|*cygwin*|*sua*|*interix*) sys="gnu";;
*bsd*|*darwin*) sys="bsd";;
*sunos*|*solaris*|*indiana*|*illumos*|*smartos*) sys="sun";;
esac
[[ "${sys}" == "$1" ]];
}
所以我可以这样做:
if_nix gnu && alias ls='ls --color=auto' && export LS_COLORS="..."
if_nix bsd && export CLICOLORS=on && export LSCOLORS="..."
if_os linux && alias psg="ps -FA | grep" #alternative to pgrep
if_nix bsd && alias psg="ps -alwx | grep -i" #alternative to pgrep
if_os darwin && alias finder="open -R"
OSTYPE美元
你可以简单地使用预定义的$OSTYPE变量，例如:
case "$OSTYPE" in
solaris*) echo "SOLARIS" ;;
darwin*) echo "OSX" ;;
linux*) echo "LINUX" ;;
bsd*) echo "BSD" ;;
msys*) echo "WINDOWS" ;;
cygwin*) echo "ALSO WINDOWS" ;;
*) echo "unknown: $OSTYPE" ;;
esac
但是，旧的shell(如Bourne shell)不能识别它。
生命
另一种方法是基于uname命令检测平台。
请参阅以下脚本(已准备好包含在.bashrc中):
# Detect the platform (similar to $OSTYPE)
OS="`uname`"
case $OS in
'Linux')
OS='Linux'
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
;;
'FreeBSD')
OS='FreeBSD'
alias ls='ls -G'
;;
'WindowsNT')
OS='Windows'
;;
'Darwin')
OS='Mac'
;;
'SunOS')
OS='Solaris'
;;
'AIX') ;;
*) ;;
esac
你可以在我的.bashrc中找到一些实际的例子。
以下是在Travis CI上使用的类似版本:
case $(uname | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]') in
linux*)
export TRAVIS_OS_NAME=linux
;;
darwin*)
export TRAVIS_OS_NAME=osx
;;
msys*)
export TRAVIS_OS_NAME=windows
;;
*)
export TRAVIS_OS_NAME=notset
;;
esac
下面是一种使用/etc/lsb-release和/etc/os-release(取决于您使用的Linux风格)检测基于Debian和RedHat的Linux操作系统的方法，并基于它采取简单的操作。
#!/bin/bash
set -e
YUM_PACKAGE_NAME="python python-devl python-pip openssl-devel"
DEB_PACKAGE_NAME="python2.7 python-dev python-pip libssl-dev"
if cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep CentOS; then
echo "==============================================="
echo "Installing packages $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME on CentOS"
echo "==============================================="
yum install -y $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Red; then
echo "==============================================="
echo "Installing packages $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME on RedHat"
echo "==============================================="
yum install -y $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Fedora; then
echo "================================================"
echo "Installing packages $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME on Fedorea"
echo "================================================"
yum install -y $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Ubuntu; then
echo "==============================================="
echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Ubuntu"
echo "==============================================="
apt-get update
apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Debian ; then
echo "==============================================="
echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Debian"
echo "==============================================="
apt-get update
apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Mint ; then
echo "============================================="
echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Mint"
echo "============================================="
apt-get update
apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Knoppix ; then
echo "================================================="
echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Kanoppix"
echo "================================================="
apt-get update
apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
else
echo "OS NOT DETECTED, couldn't install package $PACKAGE"
exit 1;
fi
exit 0
Ubuntu Linux的输出示例:
delivery@delivery-E5450$ sudo sh detect_os.sh
[sudo] password for delivery:
NAME="Ubuntu"
===============================================
Installing packages python2.7 python-dev python-pip libssl-dev on Ubuntu
===============================================
Ign http://dl.google.com stable InRelease
Get:1 http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg [916 B]
Get:2 http://dl.google.com stable Release [1.189 B]
...
