我想保持我的.bashrc和.bash_login文件在版本控制,以便我可以在我使用的所有计算机之间使用它们。问题是我有一些操作系统特定的别名,所以我正在寻找一种方法来确定脚本是否在Mac OS X, Linux或Cygwin上运行。

在Bash脚本中检测操作系统的正确方法是什么?


当前回答

你可以使用下面的if子句并根据需要展开它:

if [ "${OSTYPE//[0-9.]/}" == "darwin" ]
then
    aminute_ago="-v-1M"
elif  [ "${OSTYPE//[0-9.]/}" == "linux-gnu" ]
then
    aminute_ago="-d \"1 minute ago\""
fi

其他回答

下面是一种使用/etc/lsb-release和/etc/os-release(取决于您使用的Linux风格)检测基于Debian和RedHat的Linux操作系统的方法,并基于它采取简单的操作。

#!/bin/bash
set -e

YUM_PACKAGE_NAME="python python-devl python-pip openssl-devel"
DEB_PACKAGE_NAME="python2.7 python-dev python-pip libssl-dev"

 if cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep CentOS; then
    echo "==============================================="
    echo "Installing packages $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME on CentOS"
    echo "==============================================="
    yum install -y $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME
 elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Red; then
    echo "==============================================="
    echo "Installing packages $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME on RedHat"
    echo "==============================================="
    yum install -y $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME
 elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Fedora; then
    echo "================================================"
    echo "Installing packages $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME on Fedorea"
    echo "================================================"
    yum install -y $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME
 elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Ubuntu; then
    echo "==============================================="
    echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Ubuntu"
    echo "==============================================="
    apt-get update
    apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
 elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Debian ; then
    echo "==============================================="
    echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Debian"
    echo "==============================================="
    apt-get update
    apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
 elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Mint ; then
    echo "============================================="
    echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Mint"
    echo "============================================="
    apt-get update
    apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
 elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Knoppix ; then
    echo "================================================="
    echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Kanoppix"
    echo "================================================="
    apt-get update
    apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
 else
    echo "OS NOT DETECTED, couldn't install package $PACKAGE"
    exit 1;
 fi

exit 0

Ubuntu Linux的输出示例:

delivery@delivery-E5450$ sudo sh detect_os.sh
[sudo] password for delivery: 
NAME="Ubuntu"
===============================================
Installing packages python2.7 python-dev python-pip libssl-dev on Ubuntu
===============================================
Ign http://dl.google.com stable InRelease
Get:1 http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg [916 B]                          
Get:2 http://dl.google.com stable Release [1.189 B] 
...            

我在几个Linux发行版上尝试了上述消息,发现下面的消息最适合我。这是一个简短、简洁的答案,也适用于Windows上的Bash。

OS=$(cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | tr -d 'NAME="') #$ echo $OS # Ubuntu

这将检查一堆已知文件,以确定linux发行版是Debian还是ubuntu,然后它默认为$OSTYPE变量。

os='Unknown'
unamestr="${OSTYPE//[0-9.]/}"
os=$( compgen -G "/etc/*release" > /dev/null  && cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | tr -d 'NAME="'  ||  echo "$unamestr")

echo "$os"
uname

or

uname -a

如果你想了解更多信息

试试这个:

DISTRO=$(cat /etc/*-release | grep -w NAME | cut -d= -f2 | tr -d '"')
echo "Determined platform: $DISTRO"