尝试使用“uname”。例如，在Linux中:"uname -a"。

根据手册页面，uname符合SVr4和POSIX，所以它应该也适用于Mac OS X和Cygwin，但我不能确认。

顺便说一句:$OSTYPE在这里也被设置为linux-gnu:)

在所有发行版上使用这应该是安全的。

$ cat /etc/*release

这就产生了这样的东西。

     DISTRIB_ID=LinuxMint
     DISTRIB_RELEASE=17
     DISTRIB_CODENAME=qiana
     DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Linux Mint 17 Qiana"
     NAME="Ubuntu"
     VERSION="14.04.1 LTS, Trusty Tahr"
     ID=ubuntu
     ID_LIKE=debian
     PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS"
     VERSION_ID="14.04"
     HOME_URL="http://www.ubuntu.com/"
     SUPPORT_URL="http://help.ubuntu.com/"
     BUG_REPORT_URL="http://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"

根据需要提取/赋值给变量

注意:在一些设置。这也可能会给您一些可以忽略的错误。

     cat: /etc/upstream-release: Is a directory

如果有人对检测WSL和WSL版本2感兴趣，我也会使用这个工具。

#!/usr/bin/env bash

unameOut=$(uname -a)
case "${unameOut}" in
    *Microsoft*)     OS="WSL";; #must be first since Windows subsystem for linux will have Linux in the name too
    *microsoft*)     OS="WSL2";; #WARNING: My v2 uses ubuntu 20.4 at the moment slightly different name may not always work
    Linux*)     OS="Linux";;
    Darwin*)    OS="Mac";;
    CYGWIN*)    OS="Cygwin";;
    MINGW*)     OS="Windows";;
    *Msys)     OS="Windows";;
    *)          OS="UNKNOWN:${unameOut}"
esac

echo ${OS};

我认为以下几点应该有用。不过我对win32不太确定。

if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "linux-gnu"* ]]; then
        # ...
elif [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then
        # Mac OSX
elif [[ "$OSTYPE" == "cygwin" ]]; then
        # POSIX compatibility layer and Linux environment emulation for Windows
elif [[ "$OSTYPE" == "msys" ]]; then
        # Lightweight shell and GNU utilities compiled for Windows (part of MinGW)
elif [[ "$OSTYPE" == "win32" ]]; then
        # I'm not sure this can happen.
elif [[ "$OSTYPE" == "freebsd"* ]]; then
        # ...
else
        # Unknown.
fi

你可以使用下面的if子句并根据需要展开它:

if [ "${OSTYPE//[0-9.]/}" == "darwin" ]
then
    aminute_ago="-v-1M"
elif  [ "${OSTYPE//[0-9.]/}" == "linux-gnu" ]
then
    aminute_ago="-d \"1 minute ago\""
fi

我建议使用这个完整的bash代码

lowercase(){
    echo "$1" | sed "y/ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ/abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz/"
}

OS=`lowercase \`uname\``
KERNEL=`uname -r`
MACH=`uname -m`

if [ "{$OS}" == "windowsnt" ]; then
    OS=windows
elif [ "{$OS}" == "darwin" ]; then
    OS=mac
else
    OS=`uname`
    if [ "${OS}" = "SunOS" ] ; then
        OS=Solaris
        ARCH=`uname -p`
        OSSTR="${OS} ${REV}(${ARCH} `uname -v`)"
    elif [ "${OS}" = "AIX" ] ; then
        OSSTR="${OS} `oslevel` (`oslevel -r`)"
    elif [ "${OS}" = "Linux" ] ; then
        if [ -f /etc/redhat-release ] ; then
            DistroBasedOn='RedHat'
            DIST=`cat /etc/redhat-release |sed s/\ release.*//`
            PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/redhat-release | sed s/.*\(// | sed s/\)//`
            REV=`cat /etc/redhat-release | sed s/.*release\ // | sed s/\ .*//`
        elif [ -f /etc/SuSE-release ] ; then
            DistroBasedOn='SuSe'
            PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/SuSE-release | tr "\n" ' '| sed s/VERSION.*//`
            REV=`cat /etc/SuSE-release | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/.*=\ //`
        elif [ -f /etc/mandrake-release ] ; then
            DistroBasedOn='Mandrake'
            PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/mandrake-release | sed s/.*\(// | sed s/\)//`
            REV=`cat /etc/mandrake-release | sed s/.*release\ // | sed s/\ .*//`
        elif [ -f /etc/debian_version ] ; then
            DistroBasedOn='Debian'
            DIST=`cat /etc/lsb-release | grep '^DISTRIB_ID' | awk -F=  '{ print $2 }'`
            PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/lsb-release | grep '^DISTRIB_CODENAME' | awk -F=  '{ print $2 }'`
            REV=`cat /etc/lsb-release | grep '^DISTRIB_RELEASE' | awk -F=  '{ print $2 }'`
        fi
        if [ -f /etc/UnitedLinux-release ] ; then
            DIST="${DIST}[`cat /etc/UnitedLinux-release | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/VERSION.*//`]"
        fi
        OS=`lowercase $OS`
        DistroBasedOn=`lowercase $DistroBasedOn`
        readonly OS
        readonly DIST
        readonly DistroBasedOn
        readonly PSUEDONAME
        readonly REV
        readonly KERNEL
        readonly MACH
    fi

fi
echo $OS
echo $KERNEL
echo $MACH

更多的例子在这里:https://github.com/coto/server-easy-install/blob/master/lib/core.sh