我建议使用这个完整的bash代码

lowercase(){
    echo "$1" | sed "y/ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ/abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz/"
}

OS=`lowercase \`uname\``
KERNEL=`uname -r`
MACH=`uname -m`

if [ "{$OS}" == "windowsnt" ]; then
    OS=windows
elif [ "{$OS}" == "darwin" ]; then
    OS=mac
else
    OS=`uname`
    if [ "${OS}" = "SunOS" ] ; then
        OS=Solaris
        ARCH=`uname -p`
        OSSTR="${OS} ${REV}(${ARCH} `uname -v`)"
    elif [ "${OS}" = "AIX" ] ; then
        OSSTR="${OS} `oslevel` (`oslevel -r`)"
    elif [ "${OS}" = "Linux" ] ; then
        if [ -f /etc/redhat-release ] ; then
            DistroBasedOn='RedHat'
            DIST=`cat /etc/redhat-release |sed s/\ release.*//`
            PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/redhat-release | sed s/.*\(// | sed s/\)//`
            REV=`cat /etc/redhat-release | sed s/.*release\ // | sed s/\ .*//`
        elif [ -f /etc/SuSE-release ] ; then
            DistroBasedOn='SuSe'
            PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/SuSE-release | tr "\n" ' '| sed s/VERSION.*//`
            REV=`cat /etc/SuSE-release | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/.*=\ //`
        elif [ -f /etc/mandrake-release ] ; then
            DistroBasedOn='Mandrake'
            PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/mandrake-release | sed s/.*\(// | sed s/\)//`
            REV=`cat /etc/mandrake-release | sed s/.*release\ // | sed s/\ .*//`
        elif [ -f /etc/debian_version ] ; then
            DistroBasedOn='Debian'
            DIST=`cat /etc/lsb-release | grep '^DISTRIB_ID' | awk -F=  '{ print $2 }'`
            PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/lsb-release | grep '^DISTRIB_CODENAME' | awk -F=  '{ print $2 }'`
            REV=`cat /etc/lsb-release | grep '^DISTRIB_RELEASE' | awk -F=  '{ print $2 }'`
        fi
        if [ -f /etc/UnitedLinux-release ] ; then
            DIST="${DIST}[`cat /etc/UnitedLinux-release | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/VERSION.*//`]"
        fi
        OS=`lowercase $OS`
        DistroBasedOn=`lowercase $DistroBasedOn`
        readonly OS
        readonly DIST
        readonly DistroBasedOn
        readonly PSUEDONAME
        readonly REV
        readonly KERNEL
        readonly MACH
    fi

fi
echo $OS
echo $KERNEL
echo $MACH

更多的例子在这里:https://github.com/coto/server-easy-install/blob/master/lib/core.sh

下面是一种使用/etc/lsb-release和/etc/os-release(取决于您使用的Linux风格)检测基于Debian和RedHat的Linux操作系统的方法，并基于它采取简单的操作。

#!/bin/bash
set -e

YUM_PACKAGE_NAME="python python-devl python-pip openssl-devel"
DEB_PACKAGE_NAME="python2.7 python-dev python-pip libssl-dev"

 if cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep CentOS; then
    echo "==============================================="
    echo "Installing packages $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME on CentOS"
    echo "==============================================="
    yum install -y $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME
 elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Red; then
    echo "==============================================="
    echo "Installing packages $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME on RedHat"
    echo "==============================================="
    yum install -y $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME
 elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Fedora; then
    echo "================================================"
    echo "Installing packages $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME on Fedorea"
    echo "================================================"
    yum install -y $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME
 elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Ubuntu; then
    echo "==============================================="
    echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Ubuntu"
    echo "==============================================="
    apt-get update
    apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
 elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Debian ; then
    echo "==============================================="
    echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Debian"
    echo "==============================================="
    apt-get update
    apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
 elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Mint ; then
    echo "============================================="
    echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Mint"
    echo "============================================="
    apt-get update
    apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
 elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Knoppix ; then
    echo "================================================="
    echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Kanoppix"
    echo "================================================="
    apt-get update
    apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
 else
    echo "OS NOT DETECTED, couldn't install package $PACKAGE"
    exit 1;
 fi

exit 0

Ubuntu Linux的输出示例:

delivery@delivery-E5450$ sudo sh detect_os.sh
[sudo] password for delivery: 
NAME="Ubuntu"
===============================================
Installing packages python2.7 python-dev python-pip libssl-dev on Ubuntu
===============================================
Ign http://dl.google.com stable InRelease
Get:1 http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg [916 B]                          
Get:2 http://dl.google.com stable Release [1.189 B] 
...            

我在.bashrc中写了这些糖:

if_os () { [[ $OSTYPE == *$1* ]]; }
if_nix () { 
    case "$OSTYPE" in
        *linux*|*hurd*|*msys*|*cygwin*|*sua*|*interix*) sys="gnu";;
        *bsd*|*darwin*) sys="bsd";;
        *sunos*|*solaris*|*indiana*|*illumos*|*smartos*) sys="sun";;
    esac
    [[ "${sys}" == "$1" ]];
}

所以我可以这样做:

if_nix gnu && alias ls='ls --color=auto' && export LS_COLORS="..."
if_nix bsd && export CLICOLORS=on && export LSCOLORS="..."
if_os linux && alias psg="ps -FA | grep" #alternative to pgrep
if_nix bsd && alias psg="ps -alwx | grep -i" #alternative to pgrep
if_os darwin && alias finder="open -R"

试试这个:

DISTRO=$(cat /etc/*-release | grep -w NAME | cut -d= -f2 | tr -d '"')
echo "Determined platform: $DISTRO"

我倾向于将.bashrc和.bash_alias保存在所有平台都可以访问的文件共享中。这就是我如何在我的.bash_alias中克服这个问题:

if [[ -f (name of share)/.bash_alias_$(uname) ]]; then
    . (name of share)/.bash_alias_$(uname)
fi

我有一个。bash_alias_linux的例子:

alias ls='ls --color=auto'

通过这种方式，我将特定于平台的代码和可移植的代码分开，你可以对.bashrc做同样的事情

对于我的.bashrc，我使用以下代码:

platform='unknown'
unamestr=$(uname)
if [[ "$unamestr" == 'Linux' ]]; then
   platform='linux'
elif [[ "$unamestr" == 'FreeBSD' ]]; then
   platform='freebsd'
fi

然后我会做如下的事情:

if [[ $platform == 'linux' ]]; then
   alias ls='ls --color=auto'
elif [[ $platform == 'freebsd' ]]; then
   alias ls='ls -G'
fi

虽然很丑，但很管用。如果你愿意，你可以用case代替if。