这非常快，而且是100%随机的，即使你有间隙。

将SELECT Count(*)中可用的行数计算为rows FROM TABLE 选择10个不同的随机数a_1,a_2，…，a_10在0到x之间 SELECT * FROM TABLE LIMIT 1 offset a_i for i=1，…，10

我在Bill Karwin的《SQL反模式》一书中发现了这个破解方法。

如果你只有一个读请求

将@redsio的答案与一个临时表结合起来(600K并不是很多):

DROP TEMPORARY TABLE IF EXISTS tmp_randorder;
CREATE TABLE tmp_randorder (id int(11) not null auto_increment primary key, data_id int(11));
INSERT INTO tmp_randorder (data_id) select id from datatable;

然后用一个@redsios的版本回答:

SELECT dt.*
FROM
       (SELECT (RAND() *
                     (SELECT MAX(id)
                        FROM tmp_randorder)) AS id)
        AS rnd
 INNER JOIN tmp_randorder rndo on rndo.id between rnd.id - 10 and rnd.id + 10
 INNER JOIN datatable AS dt on dt.id = rndo.data_id
 ORDER BY abs(rndo.id - rnd.id)
 LIMIT 1;

如果表比较大，可以先筛选第一部分:

INSERT INTO tmp_randorder (data_id) select id from datatable where rand() < 0.01;

如果你有很多读请求

Version: You could keep the table tmp_randorder persistent, call it datatable_idlist. Recreate that table in certain intervals (day, hour), since it also will get holes. If your table gets really big, you could also refill holes select l.data_id as whole from datatable_idlist l left join datatable dt on dt.id = l.data_id where dt.id is null; Version: Give your Dataset a random_sortorder column either directly in datatable or in a persistent extra table datatable_sortorder. Index that column. Generate a Random-Value in your Application (I'll call it $rand). select l.* from datatable l order by abs(random_sortorder - $rand) desc limit 1;

这个解决方案用最高和最低的random_sortorder来区分“边缘行”，所以在间隔中重新排列它们(一天一次)。

一个伟大的职位处理几个情况，从简单，到差距，到不均匀与差距。

http://jan.kneschke.de/projects/mysql/order-by-rand/

对于大多数一般情况，你可以这样做:

SELECT name
  FROM random AS r1 JOIN
       (SELECT CEIL(RAND() *
                     (SELECT MAX(id)
                        FROM random)) AS id)
        AS r2
 WHERE r1.id >= r2.id
 ORDER BY r1.id ASC
 LIMIT 1

这假设id的分布是相等的，并且id列表中可能存在间隙。有关更高级的示例，请参阅本文

我得到了快速查询(大约0.5秒)，cpu很慢，在一个400K寄存器的MySQL数据库中随机选择10行，非缓存2Gb大小。在MySQL中快速选择随机行

$time= microtime_float();

$sql='SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pages';
$rquery= BD_Ejecutar($sql);
list($num_records)=mysql_fetch_row($rquery);
mysql_free_result($rquery);

$sql="SELECT id FROM pages WHERE RAND()*$num_records<20
   ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 0,10";
$rquery= BD_Ejecutar($sql);
while(list($id)=mysql_fetch_row($rquery)){
    if($id_in) $id_in.=",$id";
    else $id_in="$id";
}
mysql_free_result($rquery);

$sql="SELECT id,url FROM pages WHERE id IN($id_in)";
$rquery= BD_Ejecutar($sql);
while(list($id,$url)=mysql_fetch_row($rquery)){
    logger("$id, $url",1);
}
mysql_free_result($rquery);

$time= microtime_float()-$time;

logger("num_records=$num_records",1);
logger("$id_in",1);
logger("Time elapsed: <b>$time segundos</b>",1);

您可以轻松地使用带限制的随机偏移量

PREPARE stm from 'select * from table limit 10 offset ?';
SET @total = (select count(*) from table);
SET @_offset = FLOOR(RAND() * @total);
EXECUTE stm using @_offset;

您还可以像这样应用where子句

PREPARE stm from 'select * from table where available=true limit 10 offset ?';
SET @total = (select count(*) from table where available=true);
SET @_offset = FLOOR(RAND() * @total);
EXECUTE stm using @_offset;

在600,000行(700MB)表查询执行上的测试花费了大约0.016秒的硬盘驱动器时间。

EDIT:偏移量可能取接近表末尾的值，这将导致select语句返回更少的行(或者可能只有一行)，为了避免这种情况，我们可以在声明偏移量后再次检查，如下所示

SET @rows_count = 10;
PREPARE stm from "select * from table where available=true limit ? offset ?";
SET @total = (select count(*) from table where available=true);
SET @_offset = FLOOR(RAND() * @total);
SET @_offset = (SELECT IF(@total-@_offset<@rows_count,@_offset-@rows_count,@_offset));
SET @_offset = (SELECT IF(@_offset<0,0,@_offset));
EXECUTE stm using @rows_count,@_offset;

这里有一个改变游戏规则的方法，可能对许多人有帮助;

我有一个有200k行的表，有连续的id，我需要选择N个随机行，所以我选择根据表中最大的id生成随机值，我创建了这个脚本来找出哪个是最快的操作:

logTime();
query("SELECT COUNT(id) FROM tbl");
logTime();
query("SELECT MAX(id) FROM tbl");
logTime();
query("SELECT id FROM tbl ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1");
logTime();

结果如下:

计数:36.8418693542479毫秒 Max: 0.241041183472 ms 订单:0.216960906982毫秒

根据这个结果，order desc是得到最大id的最快操作， 以下是我对这个问题的回答:

SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(n SEPARATOR ',') g FROM (
    SELECT FLOOR(RAND() * (
        SELECT id FROM tbl ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1
    )) n FROM tbl LIMIT 10) a

...
SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE id IN ($result);

供您参考:从一个200k表中随机获得10行，我花了1.78 ms(包括php方面的所有操作)