从函数返回数据的最佳实践是什么?是返回Null对象好还是返回空对象好?为什么要选择一种而不是另一种呢?
考虑一下:
public UserEntity GetUserById(Guid userId)
{
//Imagine some code here to access database.....
//Check if data was returned and return a null if none found
if (!DataExists)
return null;
//Should I be doing this here instead?
//return new UserEntity();
else
return existingUserEntity;
}
让我们假设在这个程序中存在有效的情况，即数据库中没有具有该GUID的用户信息。我认为在这种情况下抛出异常是不合适的??另外，我的印象是异常处理会损害性能。
当前回答
我对答案的数量感到困惑(在整个网络上)，说你需要两个方法:“IsItThere()”方法和“GetItForMe()”方法，所以这导致了一个竞争条件。一个函数返回null，将它分配给一个变量，并在一次测试中检查变量是否为null，这有什么问题?我以前的C代码中充斥着
if (NULL !=(变量=函数(参数…))){
因此，您可以同时获得变量中的值(或null)和结果。这个成语已经被遗忘了吗?为什么?
其他回答
我个人会返回null，因为这是我所期望的DAL/Repository层的操作方式。
如果它不存在，不要返回任何可以被解释为成功获取对象的东西，null在这里工作得很好。
最重要的是在你的DAL/Repos层保持一致，这样你就不会对如何使用它感到困惑。
You should be throwing an exception if it is an exceptional circumstance that you call that code with an invalid user ID. If it is NOT an exceptional circumstance, then what you are essentially doing is using a "getter" method to test whether a user exists or not. That is like trying to open a file to see if it exists or not (lets stick to c#/java here) instead of using the exists method, or trying to access dictionary elements and seeing if they exist by looking at the return value instead of using the "contains" method first.
因此，您很可能会使用诸如“exists”之类的额外方法来首先检查是否存在这样的用户。异常的性能绝对不是完全不使用它们的理由，除非您有真正的性能问题。
我不喜欢从任何方法返回null，而是使用Option函数类型。不返回结果的方法返回空选项，而不是null。
而且，不能返回结果的方法应该通过名称来指明。我通常把Try或TryGet或TryFind放在方法名称的开头，以表明它可能返回一个空结果(例如TryFindCustomer, TryLoadFile等)。
这让调用者可以对结果应用不同的技术，比如收集管道(参见Martin Fowler的收集管道)。
下面是另一个使用返回Option而不是null来降低代码复杂性的示例:如何降低圈复杂度:选项函数类型
我同意这里的大多数帖子，它们趋向于零。
我的理由是，生成一个具有非空属性的空对象可能会导致错误。例如，具有int ID属性的实体的初始值为ID = 0，这是一个完全有效的值。如果这个对象，在某些情况下，被保存到数据库中，这将是一件坏事。
对于任何带有迭代器的东西，我总是使用空集合。类似的
foreach (var eachValue in collection ?? new List<Type>(0))
在我看来是代码的味道。集合属性永远不应该为空。
An edge case is String. Many people say, String.IsNullOrEmpty isn't really necessary, but you cannot always distinguish between an empty string and null. Furthermore, some database systems (Oracle) won't distinguish between them at all ('' gets stored as DBNULL), so you're forced to handle them equally. The reason for that is, most string values either come from user input or from external systems, while neither textboxes nor most exchange formats have different representations for '' and null. So even if the user wants to remove a value, he cannot do anything more than clearing the input control. Also the distinction of nullable and non-nullable nvarchar database fields is more than questionable, if your DBMS is not oracle - a mandatory field that allows '' is weird, your UI would never allow this, so your constraints do not map. So the answer here, in my opinion is, handle them equally, always.
Concerning your question regarding exceptions and performance: If you throw an exception which you cannot handle completely in your program logic, you have to abort, at some point, whatever your program is doing, and ask the user to redo whatever he just did. In that case, the performance penalty of a catch is really the least of your worries - having to ask the user is the elephant in the room (which means re-rendering the whole UI, or sending some HTML through the internet). So if you don't follow the anti-pattern of "Program Flow with Exceptions", don't bother, just throw one if it makes sense. Even in borderline cases, such as "Validation Exception", performance is really not an issue, since you have to ask the user again, in any case.
就我个人而言，我使用NULL。它清楚地表明没有数据要返回。但在某些情况下，空对象可能是有用的。
