试试这个。

def subtract_lists(a, b):
    """ Subtracts two lists. Throws ValueError if b contains items not in a """
    # Terminate if b is empty, otherwise remove b[0] from a and recurse
    return a if len(b) == 0 else [a[:i] + subtract_lists(a[i+1:], b[1:]) 
                                  for i in [a.index(b[0])]][0]

>>> x = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0]
>>> y = [1,3,5,7,9]
>>> subtract_lists(x,y)
[2, 4, 6, 8, 0]
>>> x = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0,9]
>>> subtract_lists(x,y)
[2, 4, 6, 8, 0, 9]     #9 is only deleted once
>>>

其他解决方案都存在以下几个问题之一:

它们不能维持秩序，或者 它们不删除精确的元素计数，例如，对于x =[1,2,2,2]和y =[2,2]，它们将y转换为一个集合，然后删除所有匹配的元素(只留下[1])或删除每个唯一元素中的一个(留下[1,2,2])，当正确的行为是删除2两次，留下[1,2]，或者 它们做O(m * n)个功，而最优解做O(m + n)个功

Alain和Counter在解决第2和第3个问题上是正确的，但这个解决方案将失去秩序。保持顺序的解决方案(在要删除的值列表中重复n次，删除每个值的前n个副本)是:

from collections import Counter

x = [1,2,3,4,3,2,1]  
y = [1,2,2]  
remaining = Counter(y)

out = []
for val in x:
    if remaining[val]:
        remaining[val] -= 1
    else:
        out.append(val)
# out is now [3, 4, 3, 1], having removed the first 1 and both 2s.

在网上试试!

要使它删除每个元素的最后副本，只需将for循环改为for val in reversed(x):并在退出for循环后立即添加out.reverse()。

根据y的长度构造Counter为O(n)，根据x的长度迭代x为O(n)， Counter隶属度测试和突变为O(1)，而list。append被平摊为O(1)(一个给定的append可以是O(n)，但对于许多追加，整体大O平均为O(1)，因为越来越少的追加需要重新分配)，所以所做的总体功是O(m + n)。

你还可以通过测试来确定y中是否有任何元素没有从x中移除:

remaining = +remaining  # Removes all keys with zero counts from Counter
if remaining:
    # remaining contained elements with non-zero counts

这个例子减去了两个列表:

# List of pairs of points
list = []
list.append([(602, 336), (624, 365)])
list.append([(635, 336), (654, 365)])
list.append([(642, 342), (648, 358)])
list.append([(644, 344), (646, 356)])
list.append([(653, 337), (671, 365)])
list.append([(728, 13), (739, 32)])
list.append([(756, 59), (767, 79)])

itens_to_remove = []
itens_to_remove.append([(642, 342), (648, 358)])
itens_to_remove.append([(644, 344), (646, 356)])

print("Initial List Size: ", len(list))

for a in itens_to_remove:
    for b in list:
        if a == b :
            list.remove(b)

print("Final List Size: ", len(list))

我们也可以使用set方法来查找两个列表之间的差异

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0]
y = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
list(set(x).difference(y))
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8]

from collections import Counter

y = Counter(y)
x = Counter(x)

print(list(x-y))

试试这个。

def subtract_lists(a, b):
    """ Subtracts two lists. Throws ValueError if b contains items not in a """
    # Terminate if b is empty, otherwise remove b[0] from a and recurse
    return a if len(b) == 0 else [a[:i] + subtract_lists(a[i+1:], b[1:]) 
                                  for i in [a.index(b[0])]][0]

>>> x = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0]
>>> y = [1,3,5,7,9]
>>> subtract_lists(x,y)
[2, 4, 6, 8, 0]
>>> x = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0,9]
>>> subtract_lists(x,y)
[2, 4, 6, 8, 0, 9]     #9 is only deleted once
>>>