我有一个数据帧有一个(字符串)列，我想把它分成两个(字符串)列，其中一个列标题为“fips”和另一个“行”
我的数据框架df看起来是这样的:
row
0 00000 UNITED STATES
1 01000 ALABAMA
2 01001 Autauga County, AL
3 01003 Baldwin County, AL
4 01005 Barbour County, AL
我不知道如何使用df.row。Str[:]来实现拆分行单元格的目标。我可以使用df['fips'] = hello添加一个新列，并用hello填充它。什么好主意吗?
fips row
0 00000 UNITED STATES
1 01000 ALABAMA
2 01001 Autauga County, AL
3 01003 Baldwin County, AL
4 01005 Barbour County, AL
当前回答
我更喜欢导出相应的pandas系列(即我需要的列)，使用apply函数将列内容拆分为多个系列，然后将生成的列连接到现有的DataFrame。当然，源列应该被删除。
如。
col1 = df["<col_name>"].apply(<function>)
col2 = ...
df = df.join(col1.to_frame(name="<name1>"))
df = df.join(col2.toframe(name="<name2>"))
df = df.drop(["<col_name>"], axis=1)
分割两个单词的字符串函数应该是这样的:
lambda x: x.split(" ")[0] # for the first element
lambda x: x.split(" ")[-1] # for the last element
其他回答
如果你不想创建一个新的数据框架，或者你的数据框架有更多的列，而不仅仅是你想要分割的列，你可以:
df["flips"], df["row_name"] = zip(*df["row"].str.split().tolist())
del df["row"]
你可以使用正则表达式模式将不同的部分非常整齐地提取出来:
In [11]: df.row.str.extract('(?P<fips>\d{5})((?P<state>[A-Z ]*$)|(?P<county>.*?), (?P<state_code>[A-Z]{2}$))')
Out[11]:
fips 1 state county state_code
0 00000 UNITED STATES UNITED STATES NaN NaN
1 01000 ALABAMA ALABAMA NaN NaN
2 01001 Autauga County, AL NaN Autauga County AL
3 01003 Baldwin County, AL NaN Baldwin County AL
4 01005 Barbour County, AL NaN Barbour County AL
[5 rows x 5 columns]
要解释有点长的正则表达式:
(?P<fips>\d{5})
匹配五个数字(\d)，并将其命名为“fips”。
下一部分:
((?P<state>[A-Z ]*$)|(?P<county>.*?), (?P<state_code>[A-Z]{2}$))
(|)做以下两件事之一:
(?P<state>[A-Z ]*$)
匹配任何大写字母或空格([A-Z])的数字(*)，并将此“状态”命名在字符串($)结束之前，
or
(?P<county>.*?), (?P<state_code>[A-Z]{2}$))
匹配任何其他(.*) 一个逗号和一个空格 匹配字符串($)结尾前的两位数字state_code。
在这个例子中: 请注意，前两行命中了“州”(将NaN留在县和state_code列中)，而最后三行命中了县和state_code(将NaN留在州列中)。
你可以使用str.split by空格(默认分隔符)和参数expand=True为DataFrame赋值给新列:
df = pd.DataFrame({'row': ['00000 UNITED STATES', '01000 ALABAMA',
'01001 Autauga County, AL', '01003 Baldwin County, AL',
'01005 Barbour County, AL']})
print (df)
row
0 00000 UNITED STATES
1 01000 ALABAMA
2 01001 Autauga County, AL
3 01003 Baldwin County, AL
4 01005 Barbour County, AL
df[['a','b']] = df['row'].str.split(n=1, expand=True)
print (df)
row a b
0 00000 UNITED STATES 00000 UNITED STATES
1 01000 ALABAMA 01000 ALABAMA
2 01001 Autauga County, AL 01001 Autauga County, AL
3 01003 Baldwin County, AL 01003 Baldwin County, AL
4 01005 Barbour County, AL 01005 Barbour County, AL
修改，如果需要删除原始列datafframe .pop
df[['a','b']] = df.pop('row').str.split(n=1, expand=True)
print (df)
a b
0 00000 UNITED STATES
1 01000 ALABAMA
2 01001 Autauga County, AL
3 01003 Baldwin County, AL
4 01005 Barbour County, AL
什么是一样的:
df[['a','b']] = df['row'].str.split(n=1, expand=True)
df = df.drop('row', axis=1)
print (df)
a b
0 00000 UNITED STATES
1 01000 ALABAMA
2 01001 Autauga County, AL
3 01003 Baldwin County, AL
4 01005 Barbour County, AL
如果get错误:
#remove n=1 for split by all whitespaces
df[['a','b']] = df['row'].str.split(expand=True)
ValueError:列的长度必须与键的长度相同
你可以检查，它返回4列DataFrame，而不是只有2:
print (df['row'].str.split(expand=True))
0 1 2 3
0 00000 UNITED STATES None
1 01000 ALABAMA None None
2 01001 Autauga County, AL
3 01003 Baldwin County, AL
4 01005 Barbour County, AL
那么解决方案是通过join追加新的DataFrame:
df = pd.DataFrame({'row': ['00000 UNITED STATES', '01000 ALABAMA',
'01001 Autauga County, AL', '01003 Baldwin County, AL',
'01005 Barbour County, AL'],
'a':range(5)})
print (df)
a row
0 0 00000 UNITED STATES
1 1 01000 ALABAMA
2 2 01001 Autauga County, AL
3 3 01003 Baldwin County, AL
4 4 01005 Barbour County, AL
df = df.join(df['row'].str.split(expand=True))
print (df)
a row 0 1 2 3
0 0 00000 UNITED STATES 00000 UNITED STATES None
1 1 01000 ALABAMA 01000 ALABAMA None None
2 2 01001 Autauga County, AL 01001 Autauga County, AL
3 3 01003 Baldwin County, AL 01003 Baldwin County, AL
4 4 01005 Barbour County, AL 01005 Barbour County, AL
与删除原始列(如果还有其他列):
df = df.join(df.pop('row').str.split(expand=True))
print (df)
a 0 1 2 3
0 0 00000 UNITED STATES None
1 1 01000 ALABAMA None None
2 2 01001 Autauga County, AL
3 3 01003 Baldwin County, AL
4 4 01005 Barbour County, AL
没想到我还没见过这个。如果你只需要两段，我强烈推荐…
Series.str.partition
分区在分隔符上执行一次分割，通常性能相当好。
df['row'].str.partition(' ')[[0, 2]]
0 2
0 00000 UNITED STATES
1 01000 ALABAMA
2 01001 Autauga County, AL
3 01003 Baldwin County, AL
4 01005 Barbour County, AL
如果需要重命名行，
df['row'].str.partition(' ')[[0, 2]].rename({0: 'fips', 2: 'row'}, axis=1)
fips row
0 00000 UNITED STATES
1 01000 ALABAMA
2 01001 Autauga County, AL
3 01003 Baldwin County, AL
4 01005 Barbour County, AL
如果你需要把它连接回原来的，使用join或concat:
df.join(df['row'].str.partition(' ')[[0, 2]])
pd.concat([df, df['row'].str.partition(' ')[[0, 2]]], axis=1)
row 0 2
0 00000 UNITED STATES 00000 UNITED STATES
1 01000 ALABAMA 01000 ALABAMA
2 01001 Autauga County, AL 01001 Autauga County, AL
3 01003 Baldwin County, AL 01003 Baldwin County, AL
4 01005 Barbour County, AL 01005 Barbour County, AL
也许有更好的方法，但这是一种方法:
row
0 00000 UNITED STATES
1 01000 ALABAMA
2 01001 Autauga County, AL
3 01003 Baldwin County, AL
4 01005 Barbour County, AL
df = pd.DataFrame(df.row.str.split(' ',1).tolist(),
columns = ['fips','row'])
fips row
0 00000 UNITED STATES
1 01000 ALABAMA
2 01001 Autauga County, AL
3 01003 Baldwin County, AL
4 01005 Barbour County, AL
