我想做一些事情,比如:
MyObject myObj = GetMyObj(); // Create and fill a new object
MyObject newObj = myObj.Clone();
然后对未反映在原始对象中的新对象进行更改。
我通常不需要这个功能,所以当有必要时,我会创建一个新对象,然后单独复制每个属性,但这总是让我觉得有更好或更优雅的方法来处理这种情况。
如何克隆或深度复制对象,以便在原始对象中不反映任何更改的情况下修改克隆的对象?
我想做一些事情,比如:
MyObject myObj = GetMyObj(); // Create and fill a new object
MyObject newObj = myObj.Clone();
然后对未反映在原始对象中的新对象进行更改。
我通常不需要这个功能,所以当有必要时,我会创建一个新对象,然后单独复制每个属性,但这总是让我觉得有更好或更优雅的方法来处理这种情况。
如何克隆或深度复制对象,以便在原始对象中不反映任何更改的情况下修改克隆的对象?
当前回答
我已经创建了一个可接受答案的版本,该版本同时适用于“[Serializable]”和“[DataContract]”。我写它已经有一段时间了,但如果我没有记错,[DataContract]需要一个不同的序列化程序。
需要System、System.IO、System.Runtime.Serialization、System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary、System.Xml;
public static class ObjectCopier
{
/// <summary>
/// Perform a deep Copy of an object that is marked with '[Serializable]' or '[DataContract]'
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of object being copied.</typeparam>
/// <param name="source">The object instance to copy.</param>
/// <returns>The copied object.</returns>
public static T Clone<T>(T source)
{
if (typeof(T).IsSerializable == true)
{
return CloneUsingSerializable<T>(source);
}
if (IsDataContract(typeof(T)) == true)
{
return CloneUsingDataContracts<T>(source);
}
throw new ArgumentException("The type must be Serializable or use DataContracts.", "source");
}
/// <summary>
/// Perform a deep Copy of an object that is marked with '[Serializable]'
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Found on http://stackoverflow.com/questions/78536/cloning-objects-in-c-sharp
/// Uses code found on CodeProject, which allows free use in third party apps
/// - http://www.codeproject.com/KB/tips/SerializedObjectCloner.aspx
/// </remarks>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of object being copied.</typeparam>
/// <param name="source">The object instance to copy.</param>
/// <returns>The copied object.</returns>
public static T CloneUsingSerializable<T>(T source)
{
if (!typeof(T).IsSerializable)
{
throw new ArgumentException("The type must be serializable.", "source");
}
// Don't serialize a null object, simply return the default for that object
if (Object.ReferenceEquals(source, null))
{
return default(T);
}
IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
Stream stream = new MemoryStream();
using (stream)
{
formatter.Serialize(stream, source);
stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
return (T)formatter.Deserialize(stream);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Perform a deep Copy of an object that is marked with '[DataContract]'
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of object being copied.</typeparam>
/// <param name="source">The object instance to copy.</param>
/// <returns>The copied object.</returns>
public static T CloneUsingDataContracts<T>(T source)
{
if (IsDataContract(typeof(T)) == false)
{
throw new ArgumentException("The type must be a data contract.", "source");
}
// ** Don't serialize a null object, simply return the default for that object
if (Object.ReferenceEquals(source, null))
{
return default(T);
}
DataContractSerializer dcs = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(T));
using(Stream stream = new MemoryStream())
{
using (XmlDictionaryWriter writer = XmlDictionaryWriter.CreateBinaryWriter(stream))
{
dcs.WriteObject(writer, source);
writer.Flush();
stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
using (XmlDictionaryReader reader = XmlDictionaryReader.CreateBinaryReader(stream, XmlDictionaryReaderQuotas.Max))
{
return (T)dcs.ReadObject(reader);
}
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Helper function to check if a class is a [DataContract]
/// </summary>
/// <param name="type">The type of the object to check.</param>
/// <returns>Boolean flag indicating if the class is a DataContract (true) or not (false) </returns>
public static bool IsDataContract(Type type)
{
object[] attributes = type.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(DataContractAttribute), false);
return attributes.Length == 1;
}
}
其他回答
这里有一个快速而简单的解决方案,不依赖于序列化/反序列化。
public class MyClass
{
public virtual MyClass DeepClone()
{
var returnObj = (MyClass)MemberwiseClone();
var type = returnObj.GetType();
var fieldInfoArray = type.GetRuntimeFields().ToArray();
foreach (var fieldInfo in fieldInfoArray)
{
object sourceFieldValue = fieldInfo.GetValue(this);
if (!(sourceFieldValue is MyClass))
{
continue;
}
var sourceObj = (MyClass)sourceFieldValue;
var clonedObj = sourceObj.DeepClone();
fieldInfo.SetValue(returnObj, clonedObj);
}
return returnObj;
}
}
编辑:要求
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
我就是这么用的
public MyClass Clone(MyClass theObjectIneededToClone)
{
MyClass clonedObj = theObjectIneededToClone.DeepClone();
}
我对当前的答案做了一些基准测试,发现了一些有趣的事实。
使用BinarySerializer=>https://stackoverflow.com/a/78612/6338072
使用XmlSerializer=>https://stackoverflow.com/a/50150204/6338072
使用Activator.CreateInstance=>https://stackoverflow.com/a/56691124/6338072
这些是结果
BenchmarkDotNet=v0.13.1, OS=Windows 10.0.18363.1734 (1909/November2019Update/19H2)
Intel Core i5-6200U CPU 2.30GHz(Skylake),1个CPU,4个逻辑核和2个物理核[主机]:.NET Framework 4.8(4.8.4400.0),X86 LegacyJIT默认作业:.NET Framework 4.8(4.8.4400.0),X86 LegacyJIT
Method | Mean | Error | StdDev | Gen 0 | Allocated |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BinarySerializer | 220.69 us | 4.374 us | 9.963 us | 49.8047 | 77 KB |
XmlSerializer | 182.72 us | 3.619 us | 9.405 us | 21.9727 | 34 KB |
Activator.CreateInstance | 49.99 us | 0.992 us | 2.861 us | 1.9531 | 3 KB |
复制所有公共财产的简单扩展方法。适用于任何对象,不要求类为[Serializable]。可以扩展到其他访问级别。
public static void CopyTo( this object S, object T )
{
foreach( var pS in S.GetType().GetProperties() )
{
foreach( var pT in T.GetType().GetProperties() )
{
if( pT.Name != pS.Name ) continue;
( pT.GetSetMethod() ).Invoke( T, new object[]
{ pS.GetGetMethod().Invoke( S, null ) } );
}
};
}
这个方法为我解决了问题:
private static MyObj DeepCopy(MyObj source)
{
var DeserializeSettings = new JsonSerializerSettings { ObjectCreationHandling = ObjectCreationHandling.Replace };
return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<MyObj >(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(source), DeserializeSettings);
}
这样使用:MyObj a=DeepCopy(b);
另一个JSON.NET答案。此版本适用于不实现ISerializable的类。
public static class Cloner
{
public static T Clone<T>(T source)
{
if (ReferenceEquals(source, null))
return default(T);
var settings = new JsonSerializerSettings { ContractResolver = new ContractResolver() };
return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(source, settings), settings);
}
class ContractResolver : DefaultContractResolver
{
protected override IList<JsonProperty> CreateProperties(Type type, MemberSerialization memberSerialization)
{
var props = type.GetProperties(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance)
.Select(p => base.CreateProperty(p, memberSerialization))
.Union(type.GetFields(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance)
.Select(f => base.CreateProperty(f, memberSerialization)))
.ToList();
props.ForEach(p => { p.Writable = true; p.Readable = true; });
return props;
}
}
}