我想做一些事情，比如：
MyObject myObj = GetMyObj(); // Create and fill a new object
MyObject newObj = myObj.Clone();
然后对未反映在原始对象中的新对象进行更改。
我通常不需要这个功能，所以当有必要时，我会创建一个新对象，然后单独复制每个属性，但这总是让我觉得有更好或更优雅的方法来处理这种情况。
如何克隆或深度复制对象，以便在原始对象中不反映任何更改的情况下修改克隆的对象？
当前回答
我已经创建了一个可接受答案的版本，该版本同时适用于“[Serializable]”和“[DataContract]”。我写它已经有一段时间了，但如果我没有记错，[DataContract]需要一个不同的序列化程序。
需要System、System.IO、System.Runtime.Serialization、System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary、System.Xml；
public static class ObjectCopier
{
/// <summary>
/// Perform a deep Copy of an object that is marked with '[Serializable]' or '[DataContract]'
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of object being copied.</typeparam>
/// <param name="source">The object instance to copy.</param>
/// <returns>The copied object.</returns>
public static T Clone<T>(T source)
{
if (typeof(T).IsSerializable == true)
{
return CloneUsingSerializable<T>(source);
}
if (IsDataContract(typeof(T)) == true)
{
return CloneUsingDataContracts<T>(source);
}
throw new ArgumentException("The type must be Serializable or use DataContracts.", "source");
}
/// <summary>
/// Perform a deep Copy of an object that is marked with '[Serializable]'
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Found on http://stackoverflow.com/questions/78536/cloning-objects-in-c-sharp
/// Uses code found on CodeProject, which allows free use in third party apps
/// - http://www.codeproject.com/KB/tips/SerializedObjectCloner.aspx
/// </remarks>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of object being copied.</typeparam>
/// <param name="source">The object instance to copy.</param>
/// <returns>The copied object.</returns>
public static T CloneUsingSerializable<T>(T source)
{
if (!typeof(T).IsSerializable)
{
throw new ArgumentException("The type must be serializable.", "source");
}
// Don't serialize a null object, simply return the default for that object
if (Object.ReferenceEquals(source, null))
{
return default(T);
}
IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
Stream stream = new MemoryStream();
using (stream)
{
formatter.Serialize(stream, source);
stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
return (T)formatter.Deserialize(stream);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Perform a deep Copy of an object that is marked with '[DataContract]'
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of object being copied.</typeparam>
/// <param name="source">The object instance to copy.</param>
/// <returns>The copied object.</returns>
public static T CloneUsingDataContracts<T>(T source)
{
if (IsDataContract(typeof(T)) == false)
{
throw new ArgumentException("The type must be a data contract.", "source");
}
// ** Don't serialize a null object, simply return the default for that object
if (Object.ReferenceEquals(source, null))
{
return default(T);
}
DataContractSerializer dcs = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(T));
using(Stream stream = new MemoryStream())
{
using (XmlDictionaryWriter writer = XmlDictionaryWriter.CreateBinaryWriter(stream))
{
dcs.WriteObject(writer, source);
writer.Flush();
stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
using (XmlDictionaryReader reader = XmlDictionaryReader.CreateBinaryReader(stream, XmlDictionaryReaderQuotas.Max))
{
return (T)dcs.ReadObject(reader);
}
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Helper function to check if a class is a [DataContract]
/// </summary>
/// <param name="type">The type of the object to check.</param>
/// <returns>Boolean flag indicating if the class is a DataContract (true) or not (false) </returns>
public static bool IsDataContract(Type type)
{
object[] attributes = type.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(DataContractAttribute), false);
return attributes.Length == 1;
}
}
其他回答
我对当前的答案做了一些基准测试，发现了一些有趣的事实。
使用BinarySerializer=>https://stackoverflow.com/a/78612/6338072
使用XmlSerializer=>https://stackoverflow.com/a/50150204/6338072
使用Activator.CreateInstance=>https://stackoverflow.com/a/56691124/6338072
这些是结果
BenchmarkDotNet=v0.13.1, OS=Windows 10.0.18363.1734 (1909/November2019Update/19H2)
Intel Core i5-6200U CPU 2.30GHz（Skylake），1个CPU，4个逻辑核和2个物理核[主机]：.NET Framework 4.8（4.8.4400.0），X86 LegacyJIT默认作业：.NET Framework 4.8（4.8.4400.0），X86 LegacyJIT
| Method | Mean | Error | StdDev | Gen 0 | Allocated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BinarySerializer | 220.69 us | 4.374 us | 9.963 us | 49.8047 | 77 KB |
| XmlSerializer | 182.72 us | 3.619 us | 9.405 us | 21.9727 | 34 KB |
| Activator.CreateInstance | 49.99 us | 0.992 us | 2.861 us | 1.9531 | 3 KB |
最好是实现一个扩展方法，如
public static T DeepClone<T>(this T originalObject)
{ /* the cloning code */ }
然后在解决方案中的任何地方使用它
var copy = anyObject.DeepClone();
我们可以有以下三种实现：
按序列化（最短代码）通过反射-速度提高5倍通过表达式树-速度快20倍
所有相关的方法都运行良好，并经过了深入测试。
创建扩展：
public static T Clone<T>(this T theObject)
{
string jsonData = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(theObject);
return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(jsonData);
}
这样称呼：
NewObject = OldObject.Clone();
我已经创建了一个可接受答案的版本，该版本同时适用于“[Serializable]”和“[DataContract]”。我写它已经有一段时间了，但如果我没有记错，[DataContract]需要一个不同的序列化程序。
需要System、System.IO、System.Runtime.Serialization、System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary、System.Xml；
public static class ObjectCopier
{
/// <summary>
/// Perform a deep Copy of an object that is marked with '[Serializable]' or '[DataContract]'
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of object being copied.</typeparam>
/// <param name="source">The object instance to copy.</param>
/// <returns>The copied object.</returns>
public static T Clone<T>(T source)
{
if (typeof(T).IsSerializable == true)
{
return CloneUsingSerializable<T>(source);
}
if (IsDataContract(typeof(T)) == true)
{
return CloneUsingDataContracts<T>(source);
}
throw new ArgumentException("The type must be Serializable or use DataContracts.", "source");
}
/// <summary>
/// Perform a deep Copy of an object that is marked with '[Serializable]'
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Found on http://stackoverflow.com/questions/78536/cloning-objects-in-c-sharp
/// Uses code found on CodeProject, which allows free use in third party apps
/// - http://www.codeproject.com/KB/tips/SerializedObjectCloner.aspx
/// </remarks>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of object being copied.</typeparam>
/// <param name="source">The object instance to copy.</param>
/// <returns>The copied object.</returns>
public static T CloneUsingSerializable<T>(T source)
{
if (!typeof(T).IsSerializable)
{
throw new ArgumentException("The type must be serializable.", "source");
}
// Don't serialize a null object, simply return the default for that object
if (Object.ReferenceEquals(source, null))
{
return default(T);
}
IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
Stream stream = new MemoryStream();
using (stream)
{
formatter.Serialize(stream, source);
stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
return (T)formatter.Deserialize(stream);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Perform a deep Copy of an object that is marked with '[DataContract]'
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of object being copied.</typeparam>
/// <param name="source">The object instance to copy.</param>
/// <returns>The copied object.</returns>
public static T CloneUsingDataContracts<T>(T source)
{
if (IsDataContract(typeof(T)) == false)
{
throw new ArgumentException("The type must be a data contract.", "source");
}
// ** Don't serialize a null object, simply return the default for that object
if (Object.ReferenceEquals(source, null))
{
return default(T);
}
DataContractSerializer dcs = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(T));
using(Stream stream = new MemoryStream())
{
using (XmlDictionaryWriter writer = XmlDictionaryWriter.CreateBinaryWriter(stream))
{
dcs.WriteObject(writer, source);
writer.Flush();
stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
using (XmlDictionaryReader reader = XmlDictionaryReader.CreateBinaryReader(stream, XmlDictionaryReaderQuotas.Max))
{
return (T)dcs.ReadObject(reader);
}
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Helper function to check if a class is a [DataContract]
/// </summary>
/// <param name="type">The type of the object to check.</param>
/// <returns>Boolean flag indicating if the class is a DataContract (true) or not (false) </returns>
public static bool IsDataContract(Type type)
{
object[] attributes = type.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(DataContractAttribute), false);
return attributes.Length == 1;
}
}
除了这里的一些精彩答案外，您可以在C#9.0及更高版本中完成以下操作（假设您可以将类转换为记录）：
record Record
{
public int Property1 { get; set; }
public string Property2 { get; set; }
}
然后，只需使用with运算符将一个对象的值复制到新对象。
var object1 = new Record()
{
Property1 = 1,
Property2 = "2"
};
var object2 = object1 with { };
// object2 now has Property1 = 1 & Property2 = "2"
我希望这有助于：）
