Df.info()给出了temp的初始数据类型，即float64

 #   Column  Non-Null Count  Dtype  
---  ------  --------------  -----  
 0   date    132 non-null    object 
 1   temp    132 non-null    float64

现在，使用这段代码将数据类型更改为int64:

df['temp'] = df['temp'].astype('int64')

如果你再次执行df.info()，你会看到:

  #   Column  Non-Null Count  Dtype 
 ---  ------  --------------  ----- 
  0   date    132 non-null    object
  1   temp    132 non-null    int64 

这表明您已经成功更改了列temp的数据类型。编码愉快!

下面的代码将更改列的数据类型。

df[['col.name1', 'col.name2'...]] = df[['col.name1', 'col.name2'..]].astype('data_type')

在数据类型的地方，你可以给出你想要的数据类型，比如，str, float, int等。

如果你有各种各样的对象列，比如74个对象列和2个Int列，其中每个值都有字母表示单位:

import pandas as pd 
import numpy as np

dataurl = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/RubenGavidia/Pandas_Portfolio.py/main/Wes_Mckinney.py/nutrition.csv'
nutrition = pd.read_csv(dataurl,index_col=[0])
nutrition.head(3)

输出:

    name    serving_size    calories    total_fat    saturated_fat    cholesterol    sodium    choline    folate    folic_acid    ...    fat    saturated_fatty_acids    monounsaturated_fatty_acids    polyunsaturated_fatty_acids    fatty_acids_total_trans    alcohol    ash    caffeine    theobromine    water
0    Cornstarch    100 g    381    0.1g    NaN    0    9.00 mg    0.4 mg    0.00 mcg    0.00 mcg    ...    0.05 g    0.009 g    0.016 g    0.025 g    0.00 mg    0.0 g    0.09 g    0.00 mg    0.00 mg    8.32 g
1    Nuts, pecans    100 g    691    72g    6.2g    0    0.00 mg    40.5 mg    22.00 mcg    0.00 mcg    ...    71.97 g    6.180 g    40.801 g    21.614 g    0.00 mg    0.0 g    1.49 g    0.00 mg    0.00 mg    3.52 g
2    Eggplant, raw    100 g    25    0.2g    NaN    0    2.00 mg    6.9 mg    22.00 mcg    0.00 mcg    ...    0.18 g    0.034 g    0.016 g    0.076 g    0.00 mg    0.0 g    0.66 g    0.00 mg    0.00 mg    92.30 g
3 rows × 76 columns

nutrition.dtypes
name             object
serving_size     object
calories          int64
total_fat        object
saturated_fat    object
                  ...
alcohol          object
ash              object
caffeine         object
theobromine      object
water            object
Length: 76, dtype: object

nutrition.dtypes.value_counts()
object    74
int64      2
dtype: int64

将所有列转换为数值的一个好方法是使用正则表达式来替换单位，并使用astype(float)来更改列数据类型为float:

nutrition.index = pd.RangeIndex(start = 0, stop = 8789, step= 1)
nutrition.set_index('name',inplace = True)
nutrition.replace('[a-zA-Z]','', regex= True, inplace=True)
nutrition=nutrition.astype(float)
nutrition.head(3)

输出:

serving_size    calories    total_fat    saturated_fat    cholesterol    sodium    choline    folate    folic_acid    niacin    ...    fat    saturated_fatty_acids    monounsaturated_fatty_acids    polyunsaturated_fatty_acids    fatty_acids_total_trans    alcohol    ash    caffeine    theobromine    water
name
Cornstarch    100.0    381.0    0.1    NaN    0.0    9.0    0.4    0.0    0.0    0.000    ...    0.05    0.009    0.016    0.025    0.0    0.0    0.09    0.0    0.0    8.32
Nuts, pecans    100.0    691.0    72.0    6.2    0.0    0.0    40.5    22.0    0.0    1.167    ...    71.97    6.180    40.801    21.614    0.0    0.0    1.49    0.0    0.0    3.52
Eggplant, raw    100.0    25.0    0.2    NaN    0.0    2.0    6.9    22.0    0.0    0.649    ...    0.18    0.034    0.016    0.076    0.0    0.0    0.66    0.0    0.0    92.30
3 rows × 75 columns

nutrition.dtypes
serving_size     float64
calories         float64
total_fat        float64
saturated_fat    float64
cholesterol      float64
                  ...
alcohol          float64
ash              float64
caffeine         float64
theobromine      float64
water            float64
Length: 75, dtype: object

nutrition.dtypes.value_counts()
float64    75
dtype: int64

现在数据集是干净的，你只能用regex和astype()对这个数据帧进行数值操作。

如果你想收集单位，并粘贴在标题如胆固醇，你可以使用下面的代码:

nutrition.index = pd.RangeIndex(start = 0, stop = 8789, step= 1)
nutrition.set_index('name',inplace = True)
nutrition.astype(str).replace('[^a-zA-Z]','', regex= True)
units = nutrition.astype(str).replace('[^a-zA-Z]','', regex= True)
units = units.mode()
units = units.replace('', np.nan).dropna(axis=1)
mapper = { k: k + "_" + units[k].at[0] for k in units}
nutrition.rename(columns=mapper, inplace=True)
nutrition.replace('[a-zA-Z]','', regex= True, inplace=True)
nutrition=nutrition.astype(float)

下面是一个函数，它以一个DataFrame和一个列列表作为参数，并将列中的所有数据强制转换为数字。

# df is the DataFrame, and column_list is a list of columns as strings (e.g ["col1","col2","col3"])
# dependencies: pandas

def coerce_df_columns_to_numeric(df, column_list):
    df[column_list] = df[column_list].apply(pd.to_numeric, errors='coerce')

举个例子:

import pandas as pd

def coerce_df_columns_to_numeric(df, column_list):
    df[column_list] = df[column_list].apply(pd.to_numeric, errors='coerce')

a = [['a', '1.2', '4.2'], ['b', '70', '0.03'], ['x', '5', '0']]
df = pd.DataFrame(a, columns=['col1','col2','col3'])

coerce_df_columns_to_numeric(df, ['col2','col3'])

Df.info()给出了temp的初始数据类型，即float64

 #   Column  Non-Null Count  Dtype  
---  ------  --------------  -----  
 0   date    132 non-null    object 
 1   temp    132 non-null    float64

现在，使用这段代码将数据类型更改为int64:

df['temp'] = df['temp'].astype('int64')

如果你再次执行df.info()，你会看到:

  #   Column  Non-Null Count  Dtype 
 ---  ------  --------------  ----- 
  0   date    132 non-null    object
  1   temp    132 non-null    int64 

这表明您已经成功更改了列temp的数据类型。编码愉快!

df = df.astype({"columnname": str})

# e。G -用于将列类型更改为字符串 #df是你的数据框架