问:UTF-8和没有BOM的UTF-8有什么不同?哪个更好?

以下是一些摘自维基百科关于字节顺序标记(BOM)的文章，我相信这些文章为这个问题提供了一个可靠的答案。

关于BOM和UTF-8的含义:

Unicode标准允许使用UTF-8格式的BOM，但不要求 或推荐使用。字节顺序在UTF-8中没有意义，因此 在UTF-8中唯一使用的是在文本流开始时发出信号 以UTF-8编码。

不使用BOM的参数:

不使用BOM的主要动机是向后兼容性 使用不支持unicode的软件…另一个不这样做的原因 使用BOM是为了鼓励UTF-8作为“默认”编码。

使用BOM的参数:

The argument for using a BOM is that without it, heuristic analysis is required to determine what character encoding a file is using. Historically such analysis, to distinguish various 8-bit encodings, is complicated, error-prone, and sometimes slow. A number of libraries are available to ease the task, such as Mozilla Universal Charset Detector and International Components for Unicode. Programmers mistakenly assume that detection of UTF-8 is equally difficult (it is not because of the vast majority of byte sequences are invalid UTF-8, while the encodings these libraries are trying to distinguish allow all possible byte sequences). Therefore not all Unicode-aware programs perform such an analysis and instead rely on the BOM. In particular, Microsoft compilers and interpreters, and many pieces of software on Microsoft Windows such as Notepad will not correctly read UTF-8 text unless it has only ASCII characters or it starts with the BOM, and will add a BOM to the start when saving text as UTF-8. Google Docs will add a BOM when a Microsoft Word document is downloaded as a plain text file.

有或没有BOM，哪个更好:

IETF建议，如果一个协议(a)总是使用UTF-8， 或者(b)有其他方式表明使用的是什么编码， 那么它“应该禁止使用U+FEFF作为签名。”

我的结论是:

仅在与软件应用程序的兼容性是绝对必要的情况下使用BOM。

还要注意，虽然引用的维基百科文章指出，许多Microsoft应用程序依赖BOM来正确检测UTF-8，但并非所有Microsoft应用程序都是如此。例如，正如@barlop所指出的，当使用带有UTF-8†的Windows命令提示符时，此类类型和更多的命令不期望出现BOM。如果存在BOM，它可能会像其他应用程序一样出现问题。

†chcp命令通过代码页65001提供对UTF-8(没有BOM)的支持。

我从另一个角度看这个问题。我认为UTF-8与BOM更好，因为它提供了更多关于文件的信息。我只在遇到问题时才使用没有BOM的UTF-8。

我在我的页面上使用多种语言(甚至西里尔字母)很长一段时间，当文件保存时没有BOM，我重新打开它们用编辑器编辑(cherouvim也指出)，一些字符被损坏了。

请注意，当您尝试以UTF-8编码保存新创建的文件时，Windows的经典记事本会自动保存带有BOM的文件。

我个人保存带有BOM的服务器端脚本文件(.asp， .ini， .aspx)和没有BOM的.html文件。

没有BOM的UTF-8没有BOM，这并不意味着它比有BOM的UTF-8更好，除非文件的消费者需要知道(或者从知道中受益)文件是否是UTF-8编码的。

BOM通常用于确定编码的字节序，这对于大多数用例来说是不需要的。

此外，对于那些不了解或不关心BOM的消费者来说，BOM可能是不必要的噪音/痛苦，并可能导致用户困惑。

Unicode字节顺序标记(BOM)常见问题解答提供了一个简明的答案:

Q: How I should deal with BOMs? A: Here are some guidelines to follow: A particular protocol (e.g. Microsoft conventions for .txt files) may require use of the BOM on certain Unicode data streams, such as files. When you need to conform to such a protocol, use a BOM. Some protocols allow optional BOMs in the case of untagged text. In those cases, Where a text data stream is known to be plain text, but of unknown encoding, BOM can be used as a signature. If there is no BOM, the encoding could be anything. Where a text data stream is known to be plain Unicode text (but not which endian), then BOM can be used as a signature. If there is no BOM, the text should be interpreted as big-endian. Some byte oriented protocols expect ASCII characters at the beginning of a file. If UTF-8 is used with these protocols, use of the BOM as encoding form signature should be avoided. Where the precise type of the data stream is known (e.g. Unicode big-endian or Unicode little-endian), the BOM should not be used. In particular, whenever a data stream is declared to be UTF-16BE, UTF-16LE, UTF-32BE or UTF-32LE a BOM must not be used.

如上所述，带有BOM的UTF-8可能会导致非BOM感知(或兼容)软件出现问题。我曾经用基于mozilla的KompoZer编辑UTF-8 + BOM编码的HTML文件，因为客户需要WYSIWYG程序。

保存时，布局总是会被破坏。我花了一些时间来解决这个问题。这些文件在Firefox中运行良好，但在Internet Explorer中显示了一个CSS怪癖，再次破坏了布局。在摆弄了几个小时链接的CSS文件后，我发现Internet Explorer不喜欢BOMfed HTML文件。我再也不会见你了。

还有，我刚在维基百科上找到了这个:

The shebang characters are represented by the same two bytes in extended ASCII encodings, including UTF-8, which is commonly used for scripts and other text files on current Unix-like systems. However, UTF-8 files may begin with the optional byte order mark (BOM); if the "exec" function specifically detects the bytes 0x23 0x21, then the presence of the BOM (0xEF 0xBB 0xBF) before the shebang will prevent the script interpreter from being executed. Some authorities recommend against using the byte order mark in POSIX (Unix-like) scripts,[15] for this reason and for wider interoperability and philosophical concerns

如果你在HTML文件中使用UTF-8，如果你在同一页面上使用塞尔维亚西里尔语、塞尔维亚拉丁语、德语、匈牙利语或一些外来语言，那么使用UTF和BOM更好。

这是我(从事计算机和IT行业30年)的观点。